As Ann Déscrolláil
Cuir Déscrolláil ar siúl chun an dá leagan a scrolláil le chéile.
Uimhir 40 de 1998
AN tACHT UM BINSÍ COIREANNA IDIRNÁISIÚNTA COGAIDH, 1998
RIAR NA nALT
Réamhráiteach
Alt | |
1. | |
2. | |
3. |
Daoine a Ghabháil agus a Thabhairt Suas
4. | |
5. | |
6. | |
7. | Iarraidh chun an duine céanna a eiseachadadh nó a ghéilleadh. |
8. | |
9. | |
10. | |
11. | |
12. | |
13. | |
14. | |
15. | |
16. | |
17. | |
18. | |
19. | |
20. | |
21. | Duine a scaoileadh saor mura dtabharfar é nó í amach as an Stát. |
22. | |
23. | |
24. | |
25. | |
26. | Má tugadh breithiúnas cheana féin i leith an iompair chéanna. |
Imeachtaí i gCúirteanna nó Binsí na hÉireann
27. | |
28. | Scor d'imeachtaí ar iarraidh a fháil ó bhinse idirnáisiúnta. |
Foirmeacha Eile Cúnaimh
29. | |
30. | |
31. | |
32. | |
33. | |
34. |
Ilghnéitheach
35. | |
36. | |
37. | |
38. |
Rún 827 (1993) arna Ghlacadh ag Comhairle Slándála na Náisiún Aontaithe
Rún 995 (1994) arna Ghlacadh ag Comhairle Slándála na Náisiún Aontaithe
Reacht Bhinse na hIar-Iúgslaive
Reacht Bhinse Ruanda
Na hAchtanna dá dTagraítear | |
An tAcht um Cheartas Coiriúil, 1994 | 1994, Uimh. 15 |
Na hAchtanna um Eiseachadadh, 1965 go 1994 | |
An tAcht um Fháltais ó Choireacht, 1996 | 1996, Uimh. 30 |
Uimhir 40 de 1998
AN tACHT UM BINSÍ COIREANNA IDIRNÁISIÚNTA COGAIDH, 1998
[An tiontú oifigiúil]
ACHT DÁ CHUMASÚ D'ÉIRINN A hOIBLEAGÁIDÍ A CHOMHALL MAIDIR LE COMHOIBRIÚ LE BINSÍ IDIRNÁISIÚNTA I gCOMHLÍONADH A bhFEIDHMEANNA I nDÁIL LE hIONCHÚISEAMH AGUS PIONÓSÚ COIREANNA IDIRNÁISIÚNTA COGAIDH AGUS DO DHÉANAMH SOCRÚ I dTAOBH NITHE GAOLMHARA. [10 Samhain, 1998]
ACHTAÍTEAR AG AN OIREACHTAS MAR A LEANAS:
CUID I
Réamhráiteach
Gearrtheideal.
1.—Féadfar an tAcht um Binsí Coireanna Idirnáisiúnta Cogaidh, 1998, a ghairm den Acht seo.
Léiriú.
2.—(1) San Acht seo, mura n-éilíonn an comhthéacs a mhalairt—
ciallaíonn “deimhnithe”, i ndáil le cóip de bharántas gabhála arna eisiúint ag binse idirnáisiúnta, deimhnithe a bheith ina cóip dhílis ag oifigeach de chuid an bhinse sin a bheidh údaraithe aige chun deimhniú a dhéanamh thar a cheann;
ciallaíonn “binse idirnáisiúnta”—
(a) an Binse Idirnáisiúnta um Ionchúiseamh a Dhéanamh ar Dhaoine atá Freagrach i Sáruithe Tromchúiseacha ar an Dlí Daonchairdiúil Idirnáisiúnta arna nDéanamh i gCríoch na hIar-Iúgslaive ó 1991 i leith, arna bhunú le Rún 827 (1993) ó Chomhairle Slándála na Náisiún Aontaithe a bhfuil an téacs de leagtha amach, mar áis tagartha, sa Chéad Sceideal,
(b) an Binse Coiriúil Idirnáisiúnta um Ionchúiseamh a Dhéanamh ar Dhaoine atá Freagrach i gCinedhíothú agus i Sáruithe Tromchúiseacha Eile ar an Dlí Daonchairdiúil Idirnáisiúnta arna nDéanamh i gCríoch Ruanda agus ar shaoránaigh Ruandacha atá freagrach i gcinedhíothú agus i sáruithe eile den sórt sin arna ndéanamh i gcríoch stát máguaird idir 1 Eanáir, 1994, agus 31 Nollaig, 1994, arna bhunú le Rún 955 (1994) ó Chomhairle Slándála na Náisiún Aontaithe a bhfuil an téacs de leagtha amach, mar áis tagartha, sa Dara Sceideal, nó
(c) aon bhinse nó cúirt eile a ndearbhóidh an tAire, le rialachán faoi alt 37, gur binse idirnáisiúnta é nó í chun críocha an Achta seo,
agus folaíonn sé aon orgán de chuid binse dá dtagraítear i mír (a) nó (b) nó de chuid binse nó cúirte dá dtagraítear i mír (c) más rud é go luaitear an t-orgán i reacht an bhinse nó na cúirte sin;
ciallaíonn “coir binse idirnáisiúnta” coir a bhfuil dlínse ag binse idirnáisiúnta ina leith faoina reacht;
ciallaíonn “binse míleata” armchúirt nó binse míleata eile arna bunú nó arna bhunú faoi dhlí an Stáit, cibé acu a thionóltar í nó é laistigh den Stát nó in áit eile;
ciallaíonn “Aire” an tAire Dlí agus Cirt, Comhionannais agus Athchóirithe Dlí;
tá le “maoin” an bhrí chéanna san Acht seo atá leis san Acht um Fháltais ó Choireacht, 1996, agus folaíonn sé fáltais ó mhaoin;
ciallaíonn “barántas gabhála sealadaí” barántas arna eisiúint faoi alt 11 (1);
ciallaíonn “foras athchuir” foras (seachas príosún) de réir bhrí an Achta um Dhlínse Choiriúil, 1960;
ciallaíonn “ordú tabhartha suas” ordú arna dhéanamh faoi alt 18 (1) chun duine a thabhairt suas.
(2) San Acht seo—
(a) aon tagairt d'alt nó do Chuid is tagairt í d'alt nó do Chuid den Acht seo, mura gcuirtear in iúl gur tagairt d'achtachán éigin eile atá beartaithe,
(b) aon tagairt d'fho-alt, do mhír nó d'fhomhír is tagairt í d'fho-alt, do mhír nó d'fhomhír den fhoráil ina bhfuil an tagairt, mura gcuirtear in iúl gur tagairt d'fhoráil éigin eile atá beartaithe,
(c) aon tagairt do Sceideal is tagairt í do Sceideal a ghabhann leis an Acht seo, mura gcuirtear in iúl gur tagairt d'achtachán éigin eile atá beartaithe,
(d) aon tagairt d'achtachán is tagairt í don achtachán sin arna leasú nó arna oiriúnú le haon achtachán eile nó faoi aon achtachán eile, lena n-áirítear an tAcht seo,
(e) aon tagairt do reacht binse idirnáisiúnta is tagairt í do reacht na Náisiún Aontaithe ag bunú an bhinse sin, agus
(f) aon tagairt do rialacha binse idirnáisiúnta is tagairt í dá rialacha nós imeachta agus fianaise.
(3) Mar áis tagartha, tá na téacsanna de reachtanna na mbinsí idirnáisiúnta dá dtagraítear i míreanna (a) agus (b) den mhíniú ar “binse idirnáisiúnta” leagtha amach sa Tríú Sceideal agus sa Cheathrú Sceideal faoi seach.
Feidhm.
3.—Tá feidhm ag an Acht seo i ndáil le coireanna binse idirnáisiúnta arna ndéanamh, nó a líomhnaítear a bheith déanta, roimh thosach feidhme an Achta seo nó dá éis.
CUID II
Daoine a Ghabháil agus a Thabhairt Suas
An Chuid seo a fhorléiriú.
4.—(1) Ní dhéanfar aon ní sa Chuid seo a fhorléiriú mar ní a cheanglaíonn ar an Ard-Chúirt deimhin a dhéanamh de go bhfuil fianaise leormhaith ann chun a dhlí go ndéanfaidh binse idirnáisiúnta duine a thriail.
(2) Chun críocha na Coda seo ní mheasfar aon choir binse idirnáisiúnta a bheith ina cion polaitiúil ná ina cion a bhfuil baint aige le cion polaitiúil.
(3) Ní bheidh d'éifeacht le haon iarratas ar thearmann sa Stát tabhairt suas duine faoin Acht seo a chosc ná a iarchur.
Iarraidh ar thabhairt suas.
5.—(1) Féadfaidh binse idirnáisiúnta iarraidh a dhéanamh chuig an Aire chun go dtabharfaí suas duine—
(a) a ndearna an binse sin é nó í a chúiseamh nó a chiontú i gcoir binse idirnáisiúnta, agus
(b) ar eisigh an binse sin barántas gabhála ina leith d'fhonn é nó í a thabhairt os comhair an bhinse nó chuig áit ina gcuirfear é nó í faoi phríosúnacht faoi phianbhreith ón mbinse.
(2) Is i scríbhinn a bheidh an iarraidh agus—
(a) beidh tuairisc chomh cruinn agus is féidir inti ar an duine a bhfuiltear á iarraidh go ndéanfaí é nó í a thabhairt suas, mar aon le haon fhaisnéis eile a chuideoidh lena chéannacht nó lena céannacht a shuíomh,
(b) beidh ráiteas inti maidir le gach coir binse idirnáisiúnta a bhfuiltear ag déanamh na hiarrata ina leith, ina sonrófar, chomh cruinn agus is féidir—
(i) tráth agus áit a déanta,
(ii) tuairisc dlí na coire, agus
(iii) tagairt do na forálacha iomchuí de reacht an bhinse sin, agus
(c) mar thaca léi, beidh an doiciméad bunaidh nó cóip dheimhnithe de bharántas gabhála arna eisiúint ag an mbinse sin agus a léiríonn an cuspóir atá leis an ngabháil.
(3) Mura leormhaith, i dtuairim an Aire, an fhaisnéis a bheidh tugtha ag an mbinse idirnáisiúnta, féadfaidh an tAire
(a) a iarraidh ar an mbinse sin faisnéis nó doiciméid bhreise, de réir mar is cuí leis nó léi, a thabhairt, agus
(b) teorainn ama a shocrú chun an fhaisnéis nó na doiciméid a fháil.
(4) Is leormhaith chun críocha na Coda seo aon iarraidh nó doiciméad taca a chomhlíonann an t-alt seo ar shlí eile fiú má fuair an tAire an iarraidh nó an doiciméad taca roimh thosach feidhme an Achta seo.
Iarrataí codarsnacha ar thabhairt suas.
6.—Más rud é go bhfaighfear, i gcomhthráth, ó bhinsí idirnáisiúnta, dhá iarraidh nó níos mó chun an duine céanna a thabhairt suas, cinnfidh an tAire cé acu iarraidh a rachfar chun cinn léi faoin gCuid seo, ag féachaint do na himthosca go léir agus go speisialta—
(a) do thromchúis choibhneasta na gcoireanna binse idirnáisiúnta, agus
(b) do dháta gach iarrata díobh faoi seach.
Iarraidh chun an duine céanna a eiseachadadh nó a ghéilleadh.
7.—Beidh príomhaíocht ag iarraidh ó bhinse idirnáisiúnta chun duine a thabhairt suas—
(a) thar iarraidh faoi Chuid II de na hAchtanna um Eiseachadadh, 1965 go 1994, chun é nó í a eiseachadadh mar gheall ar chion, agus
(b) thar thionscnamh aon imeachtaí faoi Chuid III de na hAchtanna um Eiseachadadh, 1965 go 1994, chun é nó í a ghabháil nó a sheachadadh mar gheall ar chion,
cibé acu is coir binse idirnáisiúnta é an t-iompar arb é an cion é nó nach ea.
Deimhniú maidir le hiarraidh ar thabhairt suas.
8.—Ar iarraidh chun duine a thabhairt suas arna déanamh de réir alt 5 a fháil, déanfaidh an tAire, faoi réir fhorálacha na Coda seo, a dheimhniú go ndearnadh an iarraidh.
Barántas gabhála a eisiúint.
9.—Ar dheimhniú faoi alt 8 a thabhairt ar aird don Ard-Chúirt á rá go ndearnadh iarraidh chun duine a thabhairt suas, déanfaidh an Chúirt barántas a eisiúint chun an duine a ghabháil, mura rud é go dtugtar an deimhniú ar aird i leith duine a gabhadh faoi bharántas gabhála sealadaí.
Iarraidh ar ghabháil shealadach.
10.—(1) Féadfaidh binse idirnáisiúnta iarraidh a dhéanamh chun duine a ghabháil go sealadach, ar fhorais phráinne, ar duine é nó í—
(a) atá cúisithe aige i gcoir binse idirnáisiúnta a dhéanamh,
(b) atá ciontaithe aige i gcoir den sórt sin, nó
(c) atá faoi dhrochamhras aige i dtaobh coir den sórt sin a dhéanamh.
(2) Is i scríbhinn a bheidh an iarraidh agus—
(a) beidh tuairisc chomh cruinn agus is féidir inti ar an duine arb é nó í is ábhar don iarraidh, mar aon le haon fhaisnéis eile a chuideoidh lena chéannacht nó lena céannacht a shuíomh, agus
(b) beidh ráiteas inti maidir le gach coir binse idirnáisiúnta a bhfuiltear ag déanamh na hiarrata ina leith, ina sonrófar, chomh cruinn agus is féidir, an tráth agus an áit a ndearnadh an choir.
(3) Más rud é dá éis sin go bhfaighidh an tAire, ó bhinse idirnáisiúnta a rinne iarraidh faoin alt seo, an doiciméad bunaidh nó cóip dheimhnithe de bharántas gabhála ina léireofar—
(a) go ndearna an binse sin an duine is ábhar don iarraidh faoin alt seo a chúiseamh nó a chiontú i gcoir binse idirnáisiúnta, agus
(b) an cuspóir atá leis an ngabháil,
déileálfar chun críocha na Coda seo leis an iarraidh faoin alt seo amhail is dá mba iarraidh í chun an duine sin a thabhairt suas.
(4) Beidh feidhm ag fo-alt (3) fiú má rinneadh an duine a chúiseamh nó a chiontú i gcoir binse idirnáisiúnta tar éis an iarraidh faoin alt seo a bheith déanta.
(5) Ní dhéanfar iarraidh a ndéileáiltear léi de bhua fho-alt (3) mar iarraidh chun duine a thabhairt suas a dheimhniú faoi alt 8 go dtí go bhfaigheann an tAire na nithe seo a leanas ón mbinse idirnáisiúnta—
(a) an fhaisnéis dá dtagraítear in alt 5(2)(b)(ii) agus (iii), agus
(b) aon fhaisnéis nó doiciméid a iarrtar faoi alt 5(3) i ndáil leis an duine sin.
Barántas gabhála sealadaí.
11.—(1) Féadfaidh an Ard-Chúirt, gan deimhniú ón Aire faoi alt 8, barántas a eisiúint chun aon duine a ghabháil go sealadach ar fhaisnéis faoi mhionn ó chomhalta den Gharda Síochána, nach ísle céim ná cigire, á rá go bhfuil cúis aige nó aici lena chreidiúint—
(a) go ndearna binse idirnáisiúnta iarraidh chun an duine a ghabháil go sealadach ar fhorais phráinne,
(b) go bhfuil an duine—
(i) cúisithe ag an mbinse sin i gcoir binse idirnáisiúnta a dhéanamh,
(ii) ciontaithe ag an mbinse sin i gcoir den sórt sin, nó
(iii) faoi dhrochamhras ag an mbinse sin i dtaobh coir den sórt sin a dhéanamh,
agus
(c) gurb é is cuspóir don ghabháil an duine a choinneáil go dtí go bhfaighidh an tAire barántas ón mbinse sin chun an duine a ghabháil.
(2) Ar bharántas gabhála sealadaí a eisiúint, cuirfidh an Ard-Chúirt in iúl don Aire láithreach gur eisíodh é.
(3) I gcás gur dealraitheach don Aire nach bhfaighfear barántas gabhála ón mbinse idirnáisiúnta i leith an duine atá ainmnithe sa bharántas gabhála sealadaí nó nach dtionscnóidh an binse sin imeachtaí i gcoinne an duine sin, féadfaidh an tAire, le hordú—
(a) an barántas gabhála sealadaí a chealú, agus
(b) más rud é gur forghníomhaíodh an barántas agus go bhfuil an duine a gabhadh faoi i gcoimeád, a cheangal go scaoilfí saor é nó í.
(4) Féadfar barántas gabhála sealadaí a eisiúint faoi fho-alt (1) i leith duine d'ainneoin barántas chun é nó í a ghabháil a bheith eisithe nó diúltaithe roimhe sin.
Barántais a fhorghníomhú.
12.—(1) Féadfaidh aon chomhalta den Gharda Síochána barántas a eisíodh faoi alt 9 nó 11(1) a fhorghníomhú in aon chuid den Stát fiú mura mbíonn an barántas i seilbh an chomhalta ag an am.
(2) Déanfaidh comhalta den Gharda Síochána a fhorghníomhóidh barántas a eisíodh faoi alt 9 nó 11(1)—
(a) tráth na gabhála, nó
(b) mura mbíonn an barántas i seilbh an chomhalta an tráth sin, laistigh de 24 huaire an chloig tar éis na gabhála,
an barántas a thaispeáint don duine a gabhadh agus cóip a thabhairt dó nó di.
(3) Déanfar duine a gabhadh faoi bharántas a eisíodh faoi alt 9 nó 11(1) a thabhairt os comhair na hArd-Chúirte a luaithe is féidir mura rud é, i gcás barántais a eisíodh faoi alt 11(1), go gcealaítear an barántas faoi alt 11(3).
Imeachtaí cúirte tar éis gabhála sealadaí.
13.—(1) I gcás go ndéanfar duine a gabhadh faoi bharántas gabhála sealadaí a thabhairt os comhair na hArd-Chúirte—
(a) más rud é go dtabharfar deimhniú faoi alt 8 i leith an duine ar aird don Chúirt, rachaidh sí ar aghaidh faoi alt 14 amhail is dá mba rud é gur gabhadh an duine faoi bharántas a eisíodh faoi alt 9, agus
(b) más rud é nach dtabharfar an deimhniú sin ar aird don Chúirt, déanfaidh sí an duine sin a athchur go dtí go dtabharfar an deimhniú ar aird nó go scaoilfear an duine sin saor de réir fho-alt (2) den alt seo nó de réir ordú faoi alt 11(3)(b).
(2) I gcás nach dtabharfar deimhniú faoi alt 8 ar aird don Ard-Chúirt laistigh den tréimhse 18 lá tar éis dháta na gabhála, déanfar an duine a gabhadh faoi bharántas gabhála sealadaí, más i gcoimeád dó nó di, a scaoileadh saor.
Duine gafa a chimiú nó a scaoileadh saor.
14.—(1) I gcás duine a gabhadh faoi bharántas a eisíodh faoi alt 9 nó a athchuireadh faoi alt 13(1)(b) a bheith os comhair na hArd-Chúirte agus gur deimhin léi—
(a) gur cúisíodh nó gur ciontaíodh an duine sin i gcoir binse idirnáisiúnta,
(b) go ndearnadh iarraidh go cuí chun an duine sin a thabhairt suas, agus
(c) go ndearnadh barántas a chomhlíonann alt 5(2)(c) nó 10(3) agus a bhaineann leis an duine sin a thabhairt ar aird,
déanfaidh an Ard-Chúirt, faoi réir fho-alt (2), ordú ag cimiú an duine sin chuig príosún (nó, mura bhfuil an duine sin os cionn 21 bhliain d'aois, chuig foras athchuir) le feitheamh ansin le hordú an Aire chun é nó í a thabhairt suas.
(2) Más deimhin leis an Ard-Chúirt go dtoirmisctear le halt 26 duine a thabhairt suas, ní dhéanfaidh sí ordú cimithe i leith an duine sin.
(3) Ar ordú cimithe faoi fho-alt (1) a dhéanamh, déanfaidh an Ard-Chúirt—
(a) a chur in iúl don duine lena mbaineann an t-ordú nach ndéanfar é nó í a thabhairt suas, seachas lena thoiliú nó lena toiliú, go dtí go mbeidh 15 lá caite tar éis dháta an chimithe,
(b) forálacha Airteagal 40.4.2° den Bhunreacht (a bhaineann le gearán a dhéanamh ag duine nó thar ceann duine leis an Ard-Chúirt á rá go bhfuil an duine sin á choinneáil ina bhrá nó á coinneáil ina brá go haindleathach) a chur in iúl don duine sin, agus
(c) a chur faoi deara deimhniú maidir leis an gcimiú a chur láithreach chuig an Aire.
(4) I gcás nach ndéanfar an duine dá dtagraítear i bhfo-alt (1) a chimiú faoin bhfo-alt sin, ordóidh an Chúirt é nó í a scaoileadh saor.
(5) Ní bheidh ábhar achomhairc ann i gcoinne ordú ón Ard-Chúirt faoin alt seo seachas achomharc ar phonc dlí chuig an gCúirt Uachtarach.
(6) Beidh feidhm ag ailt 10 agus 11 den Acht um Dhlínse Choiriúil, 1960, maidir le duine a chimeofar chuig foras athchuir faoin alt seo.
Cumhachtaí atráthaithe agus athchuir.
15.—Féadfaidh an Ard-Chúirt, i ndáil le duine a thabharfar os a comhair faoin Acht seo, a cumhachtaí atráthaithe agus athchuir go léir a fheidhmiú, lena n-áirítear na cumhachtaí atá ag an gCúirt i ndáil le duine a bheidh curtha ar aghaidh chuici i gcomhair trialach, gan a bheith teoranta do na cumhachtaí sin.
Fianaise agus toimhdeana.
16.—(1) In aon imeachtaí faoin Acht seo, déanfar doiciméad a airbheartaíonn—
(a) gur iarraidh é ó bhinse idirnáisiúnta chun duine a thabhairt suas nó chun duine a ghabháil go sealadach, nó
(b) a bheith tugtha ag binse idirnáisiúnta mar thaca le ceachtar iarraidh,
a ghlacadh i bhfianaise, gan a thuilleadh cruthúnais, má airbheartaíonn sé a bheith sínithe ag oifigeach de chuid an bhinse sin a bheidh údaraithe lena reacht nó lena rialacha chun an doiciméad sin a shíniú.
(2) In aon imeachtaí faoin Acht seo, déanfar doiciméad a airbheartaíonn—
(a) gur cóip é de bharántas gabhála arna eisiúint ag binse idirnáisiúnta, agus
(b) a bheith deimhnithe mar chóip dhílis ag oifigeach de chuid an bhinse sin a bheidh údaraithe aige chun deimhniú a dhéanamh thar a cheann,
a ghlacadh i bhfianaise, gan a thuilleadh cruthúnais, agus measfar, go dtí go gcruthófar a mhalairt, gur cóip dhílis é den bharántas sin.
(3) In aon imeachtaí faoin Acht seo, toimhdeofar, mura gcruthófar a mhalairt, go bhfuil iarraidh chun duine a thabhairt suas déanta go cuí agus go bhfuarthas go cuí í más rud é—
(a) gur gabhadh an duine faoi bharántas a eisíodh faoi alt 9, nó
(b) gur gabhadh an duine faoi bharántas gabhála sealadaí agus gur tugadh deimhniú faoi alt 8 ar aird don Ard-Chúirt á rá go bhfuil iarraidh chun an duine a thabhairt suas déanta go cuí.
(4) In aon imeachtaí faoin Acht seo, más rud é go ndearna comhalta den Gharda Síochána nach ísle céim ná cigire an fhaisnéis a bhfuil a tuairisc in alt 11(1) a mhionnú i leith duine, toimhdeofar, mura gcruthófar a mhalairt, go bhfuil iarraidh chun an duine a ghabháil go sealadach déanta go cuí agus go bhfuarthas go cuí í.
(5) In aon imeachtaí faoin Acht seo, i gcás gur tugadh deimhniú ón Aire ar aird don Ard-Chúirt á rá gur shásaigh binse idirnáisiúnta an tAire maidir leis na nithe a shonraítear i bhfomhíreanna (i) agus (ii) d'alt 26(2)(b) i ndáil le duine a ainmnítear sa deimhniú agus ar tugadh breithiúnas críochnaitheach air nó uirthi i stát eile, toimhdeofar, mura gcruthófar a mhalairt, gur sásaíodh an tAire amhlaidh.
Aistriú chuig ospidéal nó áit eile.
17.—(1) Féadfaidh an tAire, le hordú, a chur faoi deara duine a chimeofar faoi alt 14 a aistriú chuig ospidéal nó áit eile más dóigh leis an Aire gur gá déanamh amhlaidh ar mhaithe le sláinte an duine sin.
(2) Beidh duine a aistreofar faoin alt seo chuig ospidéal nó áit eile i gcoimeád dleathach fad a bheidh sé nó sí faoi choinneáil ansin.
Ordú tabhartha suas.
18.—(1) Faoi réir fho-alt (4) agus alt 19, féadfaidh an tAire, le hordú, a ordú go ndéanfar duine a cimíodh faoi alt 14 agus nár scaoileadh saor—
(a) le breith ón Ard-Chúirt faoi Airteagal 40.4.2° den Bhunreacht nó tar éis achomhairc i gcoinne breithe den sórt sin,
(b) de dhroim achomhairc ar phonc dlí chuig an gCúirt Uachtarach, nó
(c) de dhroim ordú faoi alt 21 nó 22,
a thabhairt suas chuig coimeád duine údaraithe.
(2) Déanfar duine a mbeidh ordú tabhartha suas déanta ina leith a thabhairt suas de réir théarmaí an ordaithe agus féadfaidh aon duine údaraithe an duine a thabharfar suas amhlaidh a ghlacadh, a choinneáil i gcoimeád agus a thabhairt amach as an Stát.
(3) Aon duine a éalóidh as aon choimeád ar cuireadh é nó í ann faoi ordú tabhartha suas, dlífear é nó í a athghabháil ar an modh céanna le haon duine a éalaíonn as coimeád dleathach.
(4) Ní dhéanfaidh an tAire ordú tabhartha suas i leith duine atá faoi réir pianbhreithe cúirte sa Stát más rud é—
(a) gur cheangail an tAire ar an mbinse idirnáisiúnta a d'iarr an tabhairt suas gealltanais a thabhairt maidir leis an duine a thabhairt ar ais chuig an Stát d'fhonn an phianbhreith sin a chur isteach, agus
(b) nach deimhin leis an Aire gur tugadh gealltanais leordhóthanacha.
(5) San alt seo, ciallaíonn “duine údaraithe” duine atá, i dtuairim an Aire, údaraithe go cuí ag ceann díobh seo a leanas chun an duine dá dtagraítear i bhfo-alt (1) a ghlacadh:
(a) an binse idirnáisiúnta a d'iarr an duine dá dtagraítear i bhfo-alt (1) a thabhairt suas;
(b) stát ina bhfuil an duine dá dtagraítear i bhfo-alt(1) le cur faoi phríosúnacht mar gheall ar choir binse idirnáisiúnta.
Imeacht aimsire roimh thabhairt suas.
19.—(1) Ní dhéanfar duine a chimeofar faoi alt 14, ach amháin lena thoiliú nó lena toiliú arna thabhairt os comhair na hArd-Chúirte, a thabhairt suas chuig binse idirnáisiúnta nó chuig an stát a bhfuil sé nó sí le cur faoi phríosúnacht ann—
(a) go dtí go mbeidh 15 lá caite ó dháta an chimithe, nó
(b) go dtí go gcuirfear críoch le haon imeachtaí achomhairc a thionscain an duine sin nó a tionscnaíodh thar ceann an duine sin,
cibé acu is déanaí.
(2) Más rud é go ndéanfaidh an tAire, faoi alt 20, déanamh ordaithe tabhartha suas i leith duine a cimíodh faoi alt 14 a iarchur, ní dhéanfar an duine sin a thabhairt suas go dtí go mbeidh—
(a) an tréimhse dá bhforáiltear i bhfo-alt (1) caite, nó
(b) tréimhse an iarchuir faoi alt 20 caite,
cibé acu is déanaí.
(3) San alt seo, ciallaíonn “imeachtaí achomhairc” imeachtaí—
(a) a bhaineann le gearán faoi Airteagal 40.4.2° den Bhunreacht (lena n-áirítear imeachtaí ar achomharc i gcoinne breithe i dtaobh an ghearáin sin), nó
(b) a bhaineann le hachomharc ar phonc dlí chuig an gCúirt Uachtarach.
Ordú tabhartha suas a iarchur.
20.—(1) Féadfaidh an tAire déanamh ordaithe tabhartha suas i leith duine a iarchur go ceann tréimhse ionas go bhféadfaidh imeachtaí coiriúla eile ina choinne nó ina coinne dul ar aghaidh sa Stát a mhéid a bhaineann siad le hiompar nach mbeadh ina choir binse idirnáisiúnta.
(2) Le linn don Aire a chinneadh an ceart déanamh ordaithe tabhartha suas a iarchur go ceann tréimhse, beidh aird aige nó aici ar thromchúis an chiona lena mbaineann na himeachtaí coiriúla eile.
(3) San alt seo, ní fholaíonn “imeachtaí coiriúla eile” imeachtaí faoi Chuid II nó III de na hAchtanna um Eiseachadadh, 1965 go 1994.
Duine a scaoileadh saor mura dtabharfar é nó í amach as an Stát.
21.—(1) Féadfar iarratas a dhéanamh chun na hArd-Chúirte go scaoilfear saor duine atá ag feitheamh le tabhairt suas faoin Acht seo agus nach ndéanfar a thabhairt suas agus a thabhairt amach as an Stát laistigh de mhí amháin—
(a) tar éis dháta cimithe an duine sin faoi alt 14, nó
(b) tar éis críoch a bheith curtha le haon imeachtaí achomhairc (mar a mhínítear in alt 19(3)) a thionscain an duine sin nó a tionscnaíodh thar ceann an duine sin,
cibé acu is déanaí.
(2) Más deimhin leis an Ard-Chúirt go ndearna duine dá dtagraítear i bhfo-alt (1) an t-iarratas nó go ndearnadh an t-iarratas thar ceann duine den sórt sin agus gur tugadh fógra réasúnach don Aire faoin iarratas, ordóidh sí, faoi réir fho-alt (3) agus alt 20, é nó í a scaoileadh saor ó choimeád faoin Acht seo.
(3) Más deimhin leis an Ard-Chúirt maidir leis na nithe a shonraítear i bhfo-alt (2) agus más deimhin léi—
(a) go ndearna bail sláinte an duine nó imthosca eile nach raibh neart ag an Stát ná ag an mbinse idirnáisiúnta orthu cosc a chur ar é nó í a thabhairt amach as an Stát, agus
(b) gur dócha laistigh d'achar réasúnach ama nach mbeidh na himthosca sin ina gcosc a thuilleadh ar an duine sin a thabhairt amach as an Stát,
féadfaidh an Ard-Chúirt tréimhse a shocrú inar féidir an duine sin a thabhairt suas agus scaoilfear saor é nó í ó choimeád faoin Acht seo mura dtabharfar é nó í amach as an Stát laistigh den tréimhse sin.
Duine a scaoileadh saor le hordú ón Aire.
22.—(1) Ar bheith deimhin don Aire, mar gheall ar fhaisnéis a fuarthas tar éis duine a bheith cimithe faoi alt 14, go dtoirmisctear leis an Acht seo é nó í a thabhairt suas, ordóidh an tAire an duine a scaoileadh saor ó choimeád.
(2) Féadfaidh an tAire a ordú duine a cimíodh faoi alt 14 a scaoileadh saor ó choimeád más é tuairim an Aire nach bhfuiltear ag dul ar aghaidh le hiarraidh chun an duine a thabhairt suas.
Ní dhéanann scaoileadh saor difear d'iarraidh dá éis sin.
23.—Ní dhéanfaidh scaoileadh saor duine faoi alt 11(3)(b), 13(2), 21 nó 22 dochar d'athghabháil agus tabhairt suas an duine má dhéantar iarraidh ina dhiaidh sin chun é nó í a thabhairt suas.
Mura mbeidh pianbhreith choimeádta arna gearradh faoi dhlí na hÉireann críochnaithe roimh scaoileadh saor.
24.—I gcás go n-ordóidh an Ard-Chúirt nó an tAire faoin Acht seo duine atá faoi réir pianbhreithe cúirte sa Stát mar gheall ar chion i gcoinne dhlí an Stáit a scaoileadh saor—
(a) leanfaidh an duine sin de bheith faoi dhliteanas an téarma príosúnachta a chríochnú a chuir an chúirt sa Stát de phianbhreith air nó uirthi, agus
(b) más rud é nach bhfuil an phianbhreith sin éagtha, déanfar an duine sin a aistriú i gcoimeád chuig an áit a ndlitear é nó í a phríosúnú faoin bpianbhreith sin.
Mura mbeidh pianbhreith choimeádta arna gearradh faoi dhlí na hÉireann críochnaithe roimh thabhairt suas.
25.—(1) I gcás go ndéanfar duine atá faoi réir ordú tabhartha suas agus pianbhreithe cúirte sa Stát araon a sheachadadh isteach—
(a) i gcoimeád binse idirnáisiúnta, nó
(b) i gcoimeád stáit a bhfuil sé nó sí le cur faoi phríosúnacht ann faoi phianbhreith binse idirnáisiúnta,
leanfaidh an duine sin de bheith faoi dhliteanas aon téarma príosúnachta a chríochnú a chuir an chúirt sa Stát de phianbhreith air nó uirthi.
(2) I gcás go ndéanfar ordú tabhartha suas i leith duine atá faoi réir pianbhreithe cúirte sa Stát, féadfar na nithe seo a leanas a áireamh san ordú tabhartha suas—
(a) foráil ag údarú an duine sin a thabhairt ar ais chuig an Stát—
(i) de réir comhshocraíochtaí arna ndéanamh ag an Aire leis an mbinse idirnáisiúnta a d'iarr go dtabharfaí suas an duine, nó
(ii) má tá an duine á thabhairt suas nó á tabhairt suas chun go gcuirfear príosúnacht air nó uirthi i stát faoi phianbhreith ó bhinse idirnáisiúnta, de réir comhshocraíochtaí arna ndéanamh ag an Aire leis an stát sin,
agus
(b) foráil chun an duine a aistriú i gcoimeád chuig an áit ina ndlitear é nó í a phríosúnú nó a choinneáil faoi phianbhreith na cúirte sa Stát.
Má tugadh breithiúnas cheana féin i leith an iompair chéanna.
26.—(1) Faoi réir fho-alt (2), ní dhéanfar duine a thabhairt suas faoin Acht seo más rud é—
(a) gur tugadh breithiúnas críochnaitheach sa Stát nó i stát eile ar an duine sin i leith ciona, agus
(b) maidir leis an iompar arb é an cion é, gurb é an choir binse idirnáisiúnta freisin é ar mar gheall uirthi atáthar ag iarraidh é nó í a thabhairt suas.
(2) Ní thoirmisctear duine a thabhairt suas faoin alt seo más rud é—
(a) gur tugadh an breithiúnas críochnaitheach i stát eile ag cúirt nó binse seachas binse míleata a bunaíodh faoi dhlí an Stáit, agus
(b) maidir leis an mbinse idirnáisiúnta a iarrann an tabhairt suas, go sásaíonn sé an tAire—
(i) nach raibh na himeachtaí sa stát eile neamhchlaon nó neamhspleách nó gur ceapadh iad chun an duine a dhídean ar fhreagracht choiriúil idirnáisiúnta, nó
(ii) nach ndearnadh an cás a thabhairt ar aghaidh go dúthrachtach.
CUID III
Imeachtaí i gCúirteanna nó i mBinsí de chuid na hÉireann
Dlínse binse idirnáisiúnta le breithniú.
27.—Déanfaidh an Stiúrthóir Ionchúiseamh Poiblí dlínse aon bhinse idirnáisiúnta a chur i gcuntas sula gcinnfidh sé nó sí imeachtaí a thionscnamh faoi dhlínse sheach-chríochach an Stáit i leith iompair ar coir binse idirnáisiúnta é.
Scor d'imeachtaí ar iarraidh a fháil ó bhinse idirnáisiúnta.
28.—(1) Maidir le haon iarraidh a dhéanfaidh binse idirnáisiúnta, de réir a reachta agus a rialacha, chuig an Aire go ngéillfeadh aon chúirt sa Stát nó aon bhinse míleata d'inniúlacht an bhinse idirnáisiúnta trí scor d'imeachtaí a tionscnaíodh sa chúirt sin nó sa bhinse míleata sin, déanfaidh an tAire í a tharchur chuig an Ard-Chúirt.
(2) Tar éis an iarraidh a fháil, féadfaidh an Ard-Chúirt a ordú go scoirfear de na himeachtaí, más deimhin léi—
(a) go mbaineann an iarraidh le himeachtaí faoi na hAchtanna um Eiseachadadh, 1965 go 1994,
(b) go mbaineann an iarraidh le himeachtaí a tionscnaíodh i gcúirt sa Stát faoi dhlínse sheach-chríochach an Stáit i dtaca le cion indíotáilte nár ciontaíodh an cúisí ann fós agus, maidir leis an iompar arb é an cion indíotáilte é, gur coir binse idirnáisiúnta é freisin, nó
(c) go mbaineann an iarraidh le himeachtaí a tionscnaíodh i mbinse míleata faoi dhlínse sheach-chríochach an Stáit i dtaca le cion nár ciontaíodh an cúisí ann fós agus, maidir leis an iompar arb é an cion é, gur coir binse idirnáisiúnta é freisin.
(3) I gcás go n-ordóidh an Ard-Chúirt go scoirfear d'imeachtaí, féadfaidh sí cibé orduithe eile a dhéanamh is cuí d'fhonn éifeacht a thabhairt don iarraidh, lena n-áirítear aon bharántas gabhála a eisíodh i dtaca leis na himeachtaí a chúlghairm.
(4) D'fhonn breithniú a dhéanamh ar iarraidh a gheofar faoin alt seo, féadfaidh an Ard-Chúirt a ordú na himeachtaí a chur ar atráth ar feadh cibé tréimhse nó tréimhsí, agus ar cibé coinníollacha, is cuí léi.
(5) Ní choiscfidh scor aon imeachtaí faoin alt seo, as féin—
(a) tosú imeachtaí úra i gcúirt sa Stát, nó i mbinse míleata, i leith an chiona chéanna, ná
(b) atosú imeachtaí faoi na hAchtanna um Eiseachadadh, 1965 go 1994, i leith an chiona chéanna.
CUID IV
Foirmeacha Eile Cúnaimh
Orduithe chun ábhar a chur ar fáil.
29.—D'fhonn cúnamh a thabhairt do bhinse idirnáisiúnta in imscrúdú i dtaobh cibé acu a rinne duine coir binse idirnáisiúnta nó a thairbhigh sé nó sí de choir den sórt sin, beidh éifeacht le halt 63 den Acht um Cheartas Coiriúil, 1994, amhail is dá bhfolódh tagairtí san alt sin do gháinneáil ar dhrugaí tagairtí d'iompar ar coir binse idirnáisiúnta é.
Barántais chuardaigh.
30.—(1) Féadfaidh an tAire, mar fhreagra ar iarraidh ó bhinse idirnáisiúnta, a ordú go ndéanfaidh comhalta den Gharda Síochána, nach ísle céim ná ceannfort, iarratas chuig an gCúirt Dúiche ar bharántas cuardaigh i dtaca le coir binse idirnáisiúnta atá faoi imscrúdú ag an mbinse sin.
(2) Maidir le breitheamh den Chúirt Dúiche ar deimhin leis nó léi, ar iarratas a fháil de réir ordacháin faoi fho-alt (1), go bhfuil forais réasúnacha ann chun a chreidiúint go bhfuil, in áit ar bith, fianaise a bhaineann leis an gcoir binse idirnáisiúnta a dhéanamh, beidh an chumhacht chéanna aige nó aici chun barántas cuardaigh a eisiúint, lena n-údaraítear dul isteach, cuardach agus urghabháil a dhéanamh i ndáil leis an áit sin, a bheadh ag an mbreitheamh i gcás ciona arna dhéanamh sa Stát a bhfuil cumhachtaí dá samhail infheidhmithe ag an mbreitheamh ina leith.
(3) Beidh feidhm, maidir le comhalta den Gharda Síochána a dhéanfaidh cuardach faoin alt seo, ag an srian in alt 9(2) den Acht um an Dlí Coiriúil, 1976, ar urghabháil nó ar choinneáil aon doiciméid a rinneadh, nó a bhféadfaidh sé go ndearnadh é, chun comhairle dlí a fháil, a thabhairt nó a chur in iúl.
(4) Déanfaidh comhalta den Gharda Síochána a urghabhfaidh aon fhianaise de bhua an ailt seo na nithe seo a leanas a chur ar fáil don Aire, lena dtarchur chuig an mbinse idirnáisiúnta lena mbaineann—
(a) an fhianaise a urghabhadh, agus
(b) aon deimhniú, mionnscríbhinn nó doiciméad fíoraithe eile is gá chun an iarraidh a chomhlíonadh agus a bheidh sonraithe san ordachán a thabharfar faoi fho-alt (1).
(5) Más doiciméad atá san fhianaise a urghabhadh, déanfar an doiciméad bunaidh nó cóip den doiciméad a tharchur chuig an mbinse idirnáisiúnta a rinne an iarraidh.
(6) Más aon earra eile seachas doiciméad atá san fhianaise a urghabhadh, déanfar an t-earra féin, nó tuairisc, grianghraf nó léiriú eile air, a tharchur chuig an mbinse idirnáisiúnta de réir mar is gá chun an iarraidh uaidh a chomhlíonadh.
(7) San alt seo folaíonn “fianaise” doiciméid agus earraí eile.
Orduithe maidir le maoin.
31.—(1) Déanfaidh an tAire aon ordú a gheobhaidh an tAire ó bhinse idirnáisiúnta a tharchur chuig Coimisinéir an Gharda Síochána—
(a) ar ordú é le haghaidh beart sealadach chun maoin a chaomhnú agus a chosaint, nó
(b) ar ordú é le haghaidh maoin atá tógtha go neamhdhleathach ag duine a ciontaíodh i gcoir binse idirnáisiúnta a aiseag.
(2) Más rud é, ar iarratas ó chomhalta den Gharda Síochána nach ísle céim ná Príomh-Cheannfort, gur deimhin leis an Ard-Chúirt—
(a) go bhfuair an tAire ordú ó bhinse idirnáisiúnta dá dtagraítear i bhfo-alt (1)(a), agus
(b) tráth déanta an ordaithe eatramhaigh faoin bhfo-alt seo, go bhfuil an t-ordú ó bhinse idirnáisiúnta i bhfeidhm agus nach bhfuil sé faoi réir achomhairc,
féadfaidh an Chúirt, chun an mhaoin lena mbaineann an t-ordú ó bhinse idirnáisiúnta a chaomhnú agus a chosaint, ar neamhaird le luach na maoine ach faoi réir fho-alt (5), ordú eatramhach a dhéanamh ina mbeidh aon téarmaí a d'fhéadfadh, faoi alt 2(1) agus (2) den Acht um Fháltais ó Choireacht, 1996, a bheith san áireamh in ordú eatramhach arna dhéanamh faoin Acht sin dá mba rud é nár lú ná £10,000 luach na maoine.
(3) Chun na gcríoch a luaitear i bhfo-alt (2) den alt seo, beidh feidhm ag ailt 2(3) go (6), 3(1) go (6), 5, 6, 7, 8 agus 10 go 16 den Acht um Fháltais ó Choireacht, 1996, maille leis na modhnuithe seo a leanas agus aon mhodhnuithe eile is gá, amhail is dá mba faoin Acht sin a rinneadh iarratas arna dhéanamh faoin alt seo:
(a) déanfar tagairt in aon cheann de na hailt sin don iarratasóir a fhorléiriú mar thagairt don chomhalta den Gharda Síochána a rinne iarratas chuig an gcúirt ar ordú eatramhach faoin alt seo nó ar ordú idirbhreitheach faoi alt 3 den Acht sin arna chur chun feidhme leis an alt seo;
(b) déanfar tagairt in aon cheann de na hailt sin d'fháltais ó choireacht a fhorléiriú mar thagairt do mhaoin is ábhar don ordú ó bhinse idirnáisiúnta;
(c) déanfar tagairt in aon cheann de na hailt sin d'ordú diúscartha a fhorléiriú mar thagairt d'ordú aisig faoin alt seo;
(d) déanfar tagairt in aon cheann de na hailt sin don Aire a fhorléiriú mar thagairt don Aire Dlí agus Cirt, Comhionannais agus Athchóirithe Dlí;
(e) déanfar tagairt in alt 2(5) nó 3(5) den Acht sin d'fho-ailt (3) agus (4) den alt ina bhfuil an tagairt a fhorléiriú mar thagairt a fholaíonn tagairt d'fho-alt (6) den alt seo;
(f) ní bheidh feidhm ag ailt 2(3)(b), 3(1)(b) agus 3(1)(II) den Acht sin;
(g) déanfar alt 8(1) den Acht sin a fhorléiriú amhail is nach raibh na focail i ndiaidh fhomhír (ii) agus roimh “ansin” ann.
(4) Más rud é, ar iarratas ó chomhalta den Gharda Síochána nach ísle céim ná Príomh-Cheannfort, gur deimhin leis an Ard-Chúirt—
(a) go bhfuair an tAire ordú ó bhinse idirnáisiúnta dá dtagraítear i bhfo-alt (1)(b),
(b) tráth déanta an ordaithe faoin bhfo-alt seo, go bhfuil an t-ordú ó bhinse idirnáisiúnta i bhfeidhm agus nach bhfuil sé faoi réir achomhairc,
(c) nach ndearnadh an t-ordú ó bhinse idirnáisiúnta a chomhlíonadh go hiomlán nó go páirteach, agus
(d) gur tugadh fógra don duine a ndearnadh an t-iarratas ar ordú faoin bhfo-alt seo ina leith, agus d'aon duine eile a ordóidh an Chúirt, á rá go ndearnadh an t-iarratas sin,
féadfaidh an Chúirt, faoi réir fho-alt (5), ordú (“ordú aisig”) a dhéanamh á ordú go n-aistreofar an mhaoin chuig an duine a shonraítear san ordú ó bhinse idirnáisiúnta.
(5) Más rud é go suífear go rabhthas tar éis ordú ó bhinse idirnáisiúnta dá dtagraítear i bhfo-alt (1)(a) nó (b) a chomhlíonadh go páirteach ar an dáta a bhfuair an tAire é, déanfaidh an Ard-Chúirt ordú faoin alt seo a mhéid amháin nach ndearnadh an t-ordú ó bhinse idirnáisiúnta a chomhlíonadh faoin dáta sin.
(6) Más rud é, tar éis an dáta ar a ndéantar ordú cúirte faoin alt seo nó faoin Acht um Fháltais ó Choireacht, 1996, arna chur i bhfeidhm leis an Acht seo, go suífear go rabhthas tar éis an t-ordú ó bhinse idirnáisiúnta lena mbaineann an t-ordú cúirte a chomhlíonadh go hiomlán nó go páirteach faoin dáta sin, féadfaidh an Ard-Chúirt an t-ordú cúirte a athrú nó a urscaoileadh dá réir sin le héifeacht ón dáta sin.
(7) Ar ordú ó bhinse idirnáisiúnta, lena bhfionraítear forfheidhmiú ordaithe ó bhinse idirnáisiúnta chun maoin a aiseag, a fháil ón Aire, déanfaidh an Ard-Chúirt, le hordú, forghníomhú aon ordaithe cúirte arna dhéanamh faoi fho-alt (4) i ndáil leis an ordú ó bhinse idirnáisiúnta a fhionraí ar feadh na tréimhse céanna agus faoi na coinníollacha céanna atá luaite in ordú fionraitheach an bhinse sin.
(8) Fad a bheidh ordú fionraitheach arna dhéanamh faoi fho-alt (7) i bhfeidhm, ní ghlacfar aon chéimeanna chun an t-ordú a d'fhionraigh an Ard-Chúirt a fhorfheidhmiú.
(9) Ar iarraidh a fháil ó bhinse idirnáisiúnta chun úinéireacht maoine a chinneadh, féadfaidh an tAire iarratas a dhéanamh chun na hArd-Chúirte ar bhreith i dtaobh úinéireacht na maoine.
Stádas, pribhléidí agus díolúintí binse idirnáisiúnta.
32.—(1) Féadfaidh an Rialtas, le hordú, foráil a dhéanamh maidir leis na pribhléidí, na díolúintí, na saoirseachtaí agus na saoráidí a thabharfaidh an Stát—
(a) do bhreithiúna, d'ionchúisitheoirí agus do chláraitheoirí binse idirnáisiúnta agus dá bhfoireann, agus
(b) d'aon daoine, lena n-áirítear finnéithe, agus d'abhcóidí, a dhéanfaidh ráitis le binse idirnáisiúnta nó os a chomhair nó a chuirfidh doiciméid nó fianaise eile faoina bhráid.
(2) Beidh feidhm ag alt 37(3) maidir le horduithe arna ndéanamh faoin alt seo amhail mar atá feidhm aige maidir le rialacháin arna ndéanamh faoi alt 37(1)(c) go (g).
(3) Féadfaidh an Rialtas, le hordú, ordú arna dhéanamh faoin alt seo, lena n-áirítear ordú faoin bhfo-alt seo, a chúlghairm nó a leasú.
Idirthuras tríd an Stát.
33.—(1) D'fhonn cúnamh a thabhairt do bhinse idirnáisiúnta i gcomhlíonadh a chuid feidhmeanna, féadfaidh an tAire—
(a) i gcás duine a bheidh á iompar nó á hiompar i gcoimeád ó stát amháin chuig stát eile chun críocha an bhinse sin, idirthuras an duine sin tríd an Stát a cheadú,
(b) aon choinníollacha a mheasfaidh sé nó sí is gá a chur ag gabháil leis an gceadú, agus
(c) a shocrú go ndéanfaidh an Garda Síochána maoirseacht ar idirthuras an duine tríd an Stát.
(2) Maidir le duine a gceadófar idirthuras tríd an Stát ina leith faoi fho-alt (1), measfar go bhfuil sé nó sí i gcoimeád aon chomhalta den Gharda Síochána a bheidh á thionlacan nó á tionlacan de bhun socraithe arna dhéanamh faoi fho-alt (1)(c).
An tAcht gan teorannú a dhéanamh ar sholáthar cúnaimh eile.
34.—Ní dhéanfar aon ní san Acht seo a fhorléiriú mar ní a choisceann cúnamh a thabhairt do bhinse idirnáisiúnta ar dhóigh seachas faoin Acht seo.
CUID V
Ilghnéitheach
Cion.
35.—(1) Aon duine a chuirfidh isteach nó a dhéanfaidh imeaglú, nó a fhéachfaidh le cur isteach nó imeaglú a dhéanamh, ar fhinné binse idirnáisiúnta, beidh sé nó sí ciontach i gcion.
(2) Maidir le duine a bheidh ciontach i gcion faoi fho-alt (1), dlífear—
(a) ar é nó í a chiontú go hachomair, fíneáil nach mó ná £1,500 nó príosúnacht ar feadh téarma nach faide ná 12 mhí, nó iad araon, a chur air nó uirthi, nó
(b) ar é nó í a chiontú ar díotáil, fíneáil nach mó ná £10,000 nó príosúnacht ar feadh téarma nach faide ná 5 bliana, nó iad araon, a chur air nó uirthi.
(3) San alt seo folaíonn “finné binse idirnáisiúnta” duine—
(a) a thoghairfear chun láithriú os comhair binse idirnáisiúnta agus a bheidh, tráth déanta an ghnímh arb é an cion faoin alt seo é, laistigh den Stát, nó
(b) a bhfuil fianaise le tógáil uaidh nó uaithi sa Stát nó atá le doiciméid nó earraí eile a thabhairt ar aird sa Stát lena dtarchur chuig binse idirnáisiúnta.
Caiteachais.
36.—Déanfar na caiteachais a thabhófar ag riaradh an Achta seo a íoc, a mhéid a cheadóidh an tAire Airgeadais é, as airgead a sholáthróidh an tOireachtas.
Cumhacht chun rialacháin a dhéanamh.
37.—(1) Féadfaidh an tAire rialacháin a dhéanamh ar mhaithe le haon cheann nó le gach ceann de na críocha seo a leanas:
(a) chun a dhearbhú gur binse idirnáisiúnta chun críocha an Achta seo aon bhinse nó cúirt a bheidh bunaithe ag na Náisiúin Aontaithe chun ionchúiseamh a dhéanamh ar dhaoine atá freagrach i sáruithe tromchúiseacha ar an dlí daonchairdiúil idirnáisiúnta arna ndéanamh lasmuigh den Stát;
(b) chun oiriúnú nó modhnú a dhéanamh ar aon fhoráil den Acht seo d'fhonn aon deacracht a réiteach a bheidh ann i leith fheidhmiú na forála sin maidir le binse nó cúirt a ndearbhófar gur binse idirnáisiúnta é nó í faoin alt seo;
(c) chun socrú a dhéanamh maidir le cúnamh do bhinse idirnáisiúnta mar fhreagra ar iarraidh chun fianaise a thógáil nó chun doiciméid nó earraí eile a thabhairt ar aird;
(d) chun socrú a dhéanamh maidir le cruthúnas ar orduithe, ar dheimhnithe agus ar dhoiciméid eile de chuid binse idirnáisiúnta agus maidir le cruthúnas ar thiontuithe ar na doiciméid sin, chun críocha a nglactha i bhfianaise in aon imeachtaí faoi Chuid IV;
(e) chun socrú a dhéanamh maidir le doiciméid nó earraí eile a urghabhfar faoi alt 30 a choinneáil, a chaomhnú agus a chosaint agus maidir lena n-aischur chuig an duine ónar urghabhadh iad nó lena ndiúscairt;
(f) chun a dhearbhú go mbeidh feidhm ag forálacha sonraithe den Acht um Cheartas Coiriúil, 1994, chun críocha a chumasú don Stát comhoibriú le binse idirnáisiúnta agus socrú a dhéanamh maidir le haon mhodhnuithe ar na forálacha sin a mheasfaidh an tAire is gá chun na críche sin;
(g) chun socrú a dhéanamh maidir le haon ní eile a mheasfar is gá nó is fóirsteanach chun éifeacht iomlán a thabhairt don Acht seo.
(2) Más rud é go mbeartófar rialacháin a dhéanamh faoi mhír (a) nó (b) d'fho-alt (1), déanfar dréacht de na rialacháin a leagan faoi bhráid gach Tí den Oireachtas agus ní dhéanfar na rialacháin go dtí go mbeidh rún ag ceadú an dréachta rite ag an dá Theach.
(3) Más rud é go ndéanfar rialacháin faoi aon cheann de mhíreanna (c) go (g) d'fho-alt (1)—
(a) déanfar iad a leagan faoi bhráid gach Tí den Oireachtas a luaithe is féidir tar éis a ndéanta, agus
(b) má dhéanann ceachtar Teach acu sin laistigh den 21 lá a shuífidh an Teach sin tar éis na rialacháin a leagan faoina bhráid, rún a rith á neamhniú, beidh siad ar neamhní dá réir sin, ach sin gan dochar do bhailíocht aon ní a rinneadh roimhe sin fúthu.
Aisghairm.
38.—Aisghairtear leis seo alt 56 den Acht um Cheartas Coiriúil, 1994.
AN CHÉAD SCEIDEAL
Rún 827 (1993)
Arna ghlacadh ag an gComhairle Slándála ag an 3217ú cruinniú aici, an 25 Bealtaine 1993
Tá an Chomhairle Slándála,
Á athdhearbhú di rún 713 (1991) an 25 Meán Fómhair 1991 uaithi agus na rún ábhartha go léir dá éis,
Ar bhreithniú a bheith déanta aici ar an tuairisc ón Ard-Rúnaí (S/25704 agus Add. 1) de bhun mhír 2 de rún 808 (1993),
Á léiriú di uair amháin eile gur ábhar mór scaoill di na tuairiscí leanúnacha faoi sháruithe forleathana neamhnáireacha ar an dlí daonchairdiúil idirnáisiúnta a bheith ag tarlú laistigh de chríoch na hiar-Iúgslaive, agus go háirithe i bPoblacht na Boisnia agus na Heirseagaivéine, lena n-áirítear tuairiscí faoi ollmharuithe, faoi choinneáil agus éigniú ban ar ollscála eagraithe agus córasach, agus faoin “glanadh eitneach” a bheith fós á chleachtadh, lena n-áirítear chun críoch a fháil agus a choimeád,
Á chinneadh di go bhfuil an cor seo ina bhagairt ar shíocháin agus slándáil idirnáisiúnta i gcónaí,
Ar a bheith de Rún Daingean aici deireadh a chur le coireanna den sórt sin agus bearta éifeachtacha a ghlacadh chun na daoine atá freagrach iontu a thabhairt faoi réim an cheartais,
Ós deimhin léi go bhféadfaí, in imthosca ar leith na hiar-Iúgslaive, an aidhm sin a bhaint amach agus cabhrú le hathbhunú agus cothabháil na síochána dá ndéanfadh an Chomhairle binse idirnáisiúnta a bhunú mar bheart ad hoc agus daoine atá freagrach i sáruithe tromchúiseacha ar an dlí daonchairdiúil idirnáisiúnta a ionchúiseamh,
Á chreidiúint di go gcabhróidh bunú binse idirnáisiúnta agus ionchúiseamh daoine atá freagrach sna sáruithe thuasluaite ar an dlí daonchairdiúil idirnáisiúnta lena áirithiú go gcuirfear stop le sáruithe den sórt sin agus go dtabharfar sásamh éifeachtach iontu,
Á thabhairt dá haire maidir leis sin an moladh ó Chomh-Chathaoirligh an Choiste Stiúrtha den Chomhdháil Idirnáisiúnta ar an Iar-Iúgslaiv go ndéanfaí binse den sórt sin a bhunú (S/25221),
Á athdhearbhú di maidir leis sin an cinneadh uaithi i rún 808 (1993) go mbunófar binse idirnáisiúnta chun ionchúiseamh a dhéanamh ar dhaoine atá freagrach i sáruithe tromchúiseacha ar an dlí daonchairdiúil idirnáisiúnta arna ndéanamh i gcríoch na hiar-Iúgslaive ó 1991 i leith,
Á bhreithniú di, go dtí go gceapfar Ionchúisitheoir an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta, gur cóir don Choimisiún Saineolaithe a bunaíodh de bhun rún 780 (1992) leanúint ar bhonn práinne d'fhaisnéis a bhailiú a bhaineann le fianaise ar sháruithe tromchúiseacha ar Choinbhinsiúin na Ginéive agus ar sháruithe eile ar an dlí daonchairdiúil idirnáisiúnta mar a mholtar ina thuairisc eatramhach (S/25274),
Ag gníomhú di faoi Chaibidil VII de Chairt na Náisiún Aontaithe, tar éis
1. An tuairisc ón Ard-Rúnaí a cheadú;
2. A chinneadh leis seo binse idirnáisiúnta a bhunú d'aon toisc chun ionchúiseamh a dhéanamh ar dhaoine atá freagrach i sáruithe tromchúiseacha ar an dlí daonchairdiúil idirnáisiúnta arna ndéanamh i gcríoch na hiar-Iúgslaive idir 1 Eanáir 1991 agus dáta a chinnfidh an Chomhairle Slándála ar an tsíocháin a bheith athbhunaithe agus chun na críche sin Reacht an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta atá i gceangal leis an tuairisc thuasluaite a ghlacadh;
3. A iarraidh ar an Ard-Rúnaí aon mholtaí a gheofar ó Stáit maidir leis na rialacha nós imeachta agus fianaise is gá faoi Airteagal 15 de Reacht an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta, a chur faoi bhráid bhreithiúna an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta ar iad a bheith tofa;
4. A chinneadh go gcomhoibreoidh na Stáit uile go hiomlán leis an mBinse Idirnáisiúnta agus lena orgáin de réir an rúin láithrigh agus Reacht an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta agus, dá bharr sin, go nglacfaidh na Stáit uile aon bhearta is gá faoina ndlí baile chun go gcuirfí forálacha an rúin láithrigh agus an Reachta i ngníomh, lena n-áirítear oibleagáid Stát iarrataí ar chúnamh nó orduithe arna n-eisiúint ag Dlísheomra Trialach faoi Airteagal 29 den Reacht a chomhlíonadh;
5. Tathaint ar Stáit agus ar eagraíochtaí idir-rialtasacha agus neamhrialtasacha cistí, trealamh agus seirbhísí a thabhairt don Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta, lena n-áirítear pearsanra saineolach a thairiscint;
6. A chinneadh gur faoi réir socruithe cuí, a bheidh inghlactha ag an gComhairle, a bheith curtha i gcrích idir na Náisiúin Aontaithe agus an Ísiltír a chinnfear suíomh an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta agus go bhféadfaidh an Binse Idirnáisiúnta suí in áit eile nuair is dóigh leis gur gá sin chun a fheidhmeanna a fheidhmiú go héifeachtúil;
7. A chinneadh freisin go ndéanfar obair an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta a chomhlíonadh gan dochar do cheart na n-íospartach cúiteamh a lorg, trí mheán cuí, i ndamáistí a bhain dóibh mar thoradh ar sháruithe ar an dlí daonchairdiúil idirnáisiúnta;
8. A iarraidh ar an Ard-Rúnaí an rún láithreach a chur i ngníomh go práinneach agus go háirithe socruithe praiticiúla a dhéanamh chun go bhfeidhmeoidh an Binse Idirnáisiúnta go héifeachtach a luaithe is féidir agus tuairisc a thabhairt go tréimhsiúil don Chomhairle;
9. A chinneadh an t-ábhar a choinneáil faoi bhreithniú gníomhach.
AN DARA SCEIDEAL
Rún 955 (1994)
Arna ghlacadh ag an gComhairle Slándála ag an 3453ú cruinniú aici, an 8 Samhain 1994
Tá an Chomhairle Slándála,
Á athdhearbhú di a cuid rún go léir roimhe seo maidir leis an gcor i Ruanda,
Ar bhreithniú a bheith déanta aici ar na tuairiscí ón Ard-Rúnaí de bhun mhír 3 de rún 935 (1994) an 1 Iúil 1994 (S/1994/879 agus S/1994/906), agus ar na tuairiscí ó Rapóirtéir Speisialta Choimisiún na Náisiún Aontaithe um Chearta an Duine le haghaidh Ruanda (S/1994/1157, aguisín I agus aguisín II) a bheith tugtha ar aird aici,
Á léiriú di gur mór aici obair an Choimisiúin Saineolaithe a bunaíodh de bhun Rún 935 (1994), go háirithe an réamhthuairisc uaidh maidir le sáruithe ar an dlí daonchairdiúil idirnáisiúnta i Ruanda arna tarchur ag an Ard-Rúnaí ina litir dar dáta 1 Deireadh Fómhair 1994 (S/1994/1125),
Á léiriú di uair amháin eile gur ábhar mór buartha di na tuairiscí a léiríonn go ndearnadh cinedhíothú agus sáruithe córasacha, forleathana agus neamhnáireacha eile ar an dlí daonchairdiúil idirnáisiúnta i Ruanda,
Á chinneadh di go bhfuil an cor seo ina bhagairt ar shíocháin agus slándáil idirnáisiúnta i gcónaí,
Ar a bheith de rún daingean aici deireadh a chur le coireanna den sórt sin agus bearta éifeachtacha a ghlacadh chun na daoine atá freagrach iontu a thabhairt faoi réim an cheartais,
Ós deimhin léi go bhféadfaí, in imthosca ar leith Ruanda, an aidhm sin a bhaint amach agus cabhrú le próiseas an athmhuintearais náisiúnta agus le hathbhunú agus cothabháil na síochána dá ndéanfaí daoine atá freagrach i sáruithe tromchúiseacha ar an dlí daonchairdiúil idirnáisiúnta a ionchúiseamh,
Á chreidiúint di go gcabhróidh bunú binse idirnáisiúnta chun daoine atá freagrach i gcinedhíothú agus sna sáruithe eile thuasluaite ar an dlí daonchairdiúil idirnáisiúnta lena áirithiú go gcuirfear stop le sáruithe den sórt sin agus go dtabharfar sásamh éifeachtach iontu,
Á chur i bhfios di freisin an gá atá le comhoibriú idirnáisiúnta chun cúirteanna agus córas breithiúnach Ruanda a neartú, ag féachaint go háirithe don riachtanas atá ann go ndéileálfaidh na cúirteanna sin le líon mór daoine atá faoi dhrochamhras,
Á bhreithniú di gur cóir don Choimisiún Saineolaithe a bunaíodh de bhun rún 935 (1994) leanúint ar bhonn práinne d'fhaisnéis a bhailiú a bhaineann le fianaise ar sháruithe tromchúiseacha ar an dlí daonchairdiúil idirnáisiúnta arna ndéanamh i gcríoch Ruanda agus a thuairisc dheiridh a chur faoi bhráid an Ard-Rúnaí faoin 30 Samhain 1994,
Ag gníomhú di faoi Chaibidil VII de Chairt na Náisiún Aontaithe, tar éis
1. A chinneadh leis seo, tar éis di an iarraidh ó Rialtas Ruanda (S/1994/1115) a fháil, binse idirnáisiúnta a bhunú d'aon toisc chun ionchúiseamh a dhéanamh ar dhaoine atá freagrach i gcinedhíothú agus i sáruithe tromchúiseacha eile ar an dlí daonchairdiúil idirnáisiúnta arna ndéanamh i gcríoch Ruanda agus ar shaoránaigh Ruandacha atá freagrach i gcinedhíothú agus i sáruithe eile den sórt sin arna ndéanamh i gcríoch Stát máguaird idir 1 Eanáir 1994 agus 31 Nollaig 1994, agus chun na críche sin Reacht an Bhinse Choiriúil Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda atá i gceangal leis seo a ghlacadh;
2. A chinneadh go gcomhoibreoidh na Stáit uile go hiomlán leis an mBinse Idirnáisiúnta agus lena orgáin de réir an rúin láithrigh agus Reacht an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta agus, dá bharr sin, go nglacfaidh na Stáit uile aon bhearta is gá faoina ndlí baile chun go gcuirfí forálacha an rúin láithrigh agus an Reachta i ngníomh, lena n-áirítear oibleagáid Stát iarrataí ar chúnamh nó orduithe arna n-eisiúint ag Dlísheomra Trialach faoi Airteagal 28 den Reacht a chomhlíonadh, agus a iarraidh ar Stáit an tArd-Rúnaí a choimeád ar an eolas faoi na bearta sin;
3. A mheas gur cóir fógra a thabhairt do Rialtas Ruanda sula nglacfar cinntí faoi airteagail 26 agus 27 den Reacht;
4. Tathaint ar Stáit agus ar eagraíochtaí idir-rialtasacha agus neamhrialtasacha cistí, trealamh agus seirbhísí a thabhairt don Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta, lena n-áirítear pearsanra saineolach a thairiscint;
5. A iarraidh ar an Ard-Rúnaí an rún seo a chur i ngníomh go práinneach agus go háirithe socruithe praiticiúla chun go bhfeidhmeoidh an Binse Idirnáisiúnta go héifeachtach, lena n-áirítear moltaí chuig an gComhairle maidir leis na háiteanna a bhféadfaí suíomh an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta a lonnú, a dhéanamh a luaithe is féidir agus tuairisc a thabhairt ó am go chéile don Chomhairle;
6. A chinneadh go socróidh an Chomhairle suíomh an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta ag féachaint do nithe a bhaineann leis an gceartas agus leis an gcothroime chomh maith le héifeachtúlacht riaracháin, lena n-áirítear rochtain ar fhinnéithe, agus tíos, agus faoi réir socruithe cuí, a bheidh inghlactha ag an gComhairle, a bheith curtha i gcrích idir na Náisiúin Aontaithe agus Stát an tsuímh, á chur san áireamh go bhféadfaidh an Binse Idirnáisiúnta teacht le chéile in áit ar shiúl óna shuíomh nuair is dóigh leis gur gá sin chun a fheidhmeanna a fheidhmiú go héifeachtúil; agus a chinneadh go mbunófar oifig agus go seolfar imeachtaí i Ruanda, nuair is féidir agus is cuí, faoi réir socruithe cuí dá samhail a bheith curtha i gcrích;
7. A chinneadh breithniú a dhéanamh ar líon bhreithiúna agus Dhlísheomraí an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta a mhéadú má bhíonn sé sin riachtanach;
8. A chinneadh an t-ábhar a choinneáil faoi bhreithniú gníomhach.
AN TRÍÚ SCEIDEAL
Reacht Bhinse na hIar-Iúgslaive
Ar bheith bunaithe dó ag an gComhairle Slándála ag gníomhú di faoi Chaibidil VII de Chairt na Náisiún Aontaithe, feidhmeoidh an Binse Idirnáisiúnta um Ionchúiseamh a Dhéanamh ar Dhaoine atá Freagrach i Sáruithe Tromchúiseacha ar an Dlí Daonchairdiúil Idirnáisiúnta arna nDéanamh i gCríoch na hIar-Iúgslaive ó 1991 i leith (dá ngairtear “an Binse Idirnáisiúnta” anseo feasta) de réir fhorálacha an Reachta láithrigh.
Airteagal 1
Inniúlacht an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta
Beidh an chumhacht ag an mBinse Idirnáisiúnta ionchúiseamh a dhéanamh ar dhaoine atá freagrach i sáruithe tromchúiseacha ar an dlí daonchairdiúil idirnáisiúnta arna ndéanamh i gcríoch na hIar-Iúgslaive ó 1991 i leith de réir fhorálacha an Reachta láithrigh.
Airteagal 2
Sáruithe tromchúiseacha ar Choinbhinsiúin na Ginéive de 1949
Beidh an chumhacht ag an mBinse Idirnáisiúnta ionchúiseamh a dhéanamh ar dhaoine a dhéanfaidh sáruithe tromchúiseacha ar Choinbhinsiúin na Ginéive den 12 Lúnasa 1949 nó a ordóidh go ndéanfar sáruithe tromchúiseacha den sórt sin, is é sin le rá, na gníomhartha seo a leanas i gcoinne daoine nó maoine a choimircítear faoi fhorálacha an Choinbhinsiúin iomchuí de Choinbhinsiúin na Ginéive:
(a) marú toiliúil;
(b) céastóireacht nó ainíde mhídhaonna, lena n-áirítear turgnaimh bhitheolaíochta;
(c) duine a chur ag fulaingt go mór nó díobháil mhór a dhéanamh dó, go toiliúil, ina chorp nó ina shláinte;
(d) scrios a dhéanamh agus seilbh a ghlacadh go forleathan ar mhaoin nuair nach bhfuil riachtanas míleata leis agus nuair a dhéantar é go neamhdhleathach agus go hainrianta;
(e) iallach a chur ar phríosúnach cogaidh nó ar shibhialtach fónamh i bhfórsaí cumhachta naimhdí;
(f) a chearta chun trialach atá cóir agus rialta a bhaint, go toiliúil, de phríosúnach cogaidh nó de shibhialtach;
(g) sibhialtach a chur thar tír amach nó a aistriú nó a ghaibhniú go neamhdhleathach;
(h) sibhialtaigh a thógáil ina ngialla.
Airteagal 3
Sáruithe ar dhlíthe nó ar nósanna an chogaidh
Beidh an chumhacht ag an mBinse Idirnáisiúnta ionchúiseamh a dhéanamh ar dhaoine a sháróidh dlíthe nó nósanna an chogaidh. Ar na sáruithe sin beidh:
(a) úsáid armán nimhiúil nó armán eile atá ceaptha chun bheith ina gcúis le fulaingt neamhriachtanach;
(b) scrios ainrianta cathracha, bailte nó sráidbhailte, nó léirscrios nuair nach bhfuil dianriachtanas míleata leis;
(c) ionsaí, nó bombardú, trí cibé sás, ar bhailte, ar shráidbhailte, ar theaghaisí nó ar fhoirgnimh neamhchosanta;
(d) forais atá tiomnaithe do chreideamh, do charthanas agus d'oideachas, do na healaíona agus do na heolaíochtaí, séadchomharthaí stairiúla agus saothair ealaíne agus eolaíochta a fhorghabháil nó a scriosadh, nó damáiste a dhéanamh dóibh go toiliúil;
(e) creach ar mhaoin phoiblí nó phríobháideach,
cé nach iad sin amháin a bheidh i gceist.
Airteagal 4
Cinedhíothú
1. Beidh an chumhacht ag an mBinse Idirnáisiúnta ionchúiseamh a dhéanamh ar dhaoine a dhéanfaidh cinedhíothú mar a mhínítear i mír 2 den airteagal seo nó a dhéanfaidh aon cheann de na gníomhartha eile atá liostaithe i mír 3 den airteagal seo.
2. Ciallaíonn cinedhíothú aon ghníomh díobh seo a leanas arna dhéanamh le hintinn grúpa náisiúnta, eitneach, ciníoch nó creidimh a scriosadh, go hiomlán nó go páirteach, mar ghrúpa den sórt sin:
(a) daoine den ghrúpa a mharú;
(b) díobháil thromchúiseach coirp nó meabhrach a dhéanamh do dhaoine den ghrúpa;
(c) dálaí maireachtála atá ceaptha chun scriosadh fisiceach a thabhairt i gcrích, go hiomlán nó go páirteach, a bhrú d'aon toisc ar an ngrúpa;
(d) bearta a chur i bhfeidhm atá beartaithe chun cosc a chur le breitheanna laistigh den ghrúpa;
(e) leanaí de chuid an ghrúpa a aistriú go forneartach chuig grúpa eile.
3. Beidh na gníomhartha seo a leanas inphionósaithe:
(a) cinedhíothú;
(b) comhcheilg cinedhíothú a dhéanamh;
(c) gríosú díreach agus poiblí le cinedhíothú a dhéanamh;
(d) iarracht ar chinedhíothú a dhéanamh;
(e) comhpháirteachas i gcinedhíothú.
Airteagal 5
Coireanna in aghaidh na daonnachta
Beidh an chumhacht ag an mBinse Idirnáisiúnta ionchúiseamh a dhéanamh ar dhaoine atá freagrach sna coireanna seo a leanas nuair a dhéantar iad le linn coinbhleachta armtha, cibé acu is de chineál idirnáisiúnta nó inmheánach í, agus atá dírithe in aghaidh aon phobail shibhialta:
(a) dúnmharú;
(b) díothú;
(c) daoirse;
(d) díbirt;
(e) príosúnú;
(f) céastóireacht;
(g) éigniú;
(h) géarleanúint ar fhorais pholaitíochta, chiníocha agus chreidimh;
(i) gníomhartha mídhaonnachtúla eile.
Airteagal 6
Dlínse phearsanta
Beidh dlínse ag an mBinse Idirnáisiúnta ar dhaoine nádúrtha de bhun fhorálacha an Reachta láithrigh.
Airteagal 7
Freagracht choiriúil indibhidiúil
1. Maidir le duine a phleanáil, a thionscain, a d'ordaigh nó a rinne coir dá dtagraítear i míreanna 2 go 5 den Reacht láithreach nó a chabhraigh agus a neartaigh, ar aon slí eile, le pleanáil, le hullmhú nó le déanamh coire den sórt sin, beidh sé freagrach go hindibhidiúil sa choir.
2. Ní dhéanfaidh post oifigiúil aon duine chúisithe, cibé acu mar Cheann Stáit nó Rialtais nó mar oifigeach Rialtais freagrach, an duine sin a shaoradh ó fhreagracht choiriúil ná pionós a mhaolú.
3. Sa chás gurbh íochtarán a rinne aon cheann de na gníomhartha dá dtagraítear in airteagail 2 go 5 den Reacht láithreach, ní shaorann sé sin a uachtarán ó fhreagracht choiriúil má bhí a fhios aige nó má bhí cúis ann go mbeadh a fhios aige go raibh an t-íochtarán ar tí gníomhartha den sórt sin a dhéanamh nó go ndearna sé amhlaidh agus gur mhainnigh an t-uachtarán na bearta riachtanacha agus réasúnacha a ghlacadh chun na gníomhartha sin a chosc nó chun lucht a ndéanta a phionósú.
4. Sa chás gur de bhun ordaithe ó Rialtas nó ó uachtarán a ghníomhaigh duine cúisithe, ní shaorfaidh sé sin é ó fhreagracht choiriúil, ach féadfar é a chur san áireamh mar mhaolú ar phionós má chinneann an Binse Idirnáisiúnta gur gá sin de réir an cheartais.
Airteagal 8
Dlínse chríche agus ama
Bainfidh dlínse chríche an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta le críoch iar-Phoblacht Chónaidhme Shóisialach na hIúgslaive, lena n-áirítear a dromchla talún, a haerspás agus a huiscí teorann. Bainfidh dlínse ama an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta le tréimhse dar thús 1 Eanáir 1991.
Airteagal 9
Dlínse chomhthráthach
1. Beidh dlínse chomhthráthach ag an mBinse Idirnáisiúnta agus ag cúirteanna náisiúnta chun ionchúiseamh a dhéanamh ar dhaoine mar gheall ar sháruithe tromchúiseacha ar an dlí daonchairdiúil idirnáisiúnta arna ndéanamh i gcríoch na hiar-Iúgslaive ó 1 Eanáir 1991 i leith.
2. Beidh príomhaíocht ag an mBinse Idirnáisiúnta ar chúirteanna náisiúnta. Féadfaidh an Binse Idirnáisiúnta, ag aon chéim den nós imeachta, a iarraidh go foirmiúil ar chúirteanna náisiúnta géilleadh d'inniúlacht an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta de réir an Reachta láithrigh agus Rialacha Nós Imeachta agus Fianaise an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta.
Airteagal 10
Non-bis-in-idem
1. Maidir le haon duine a ndearna an Binse Idirnáisiúnta é nó í a thriail cheana féin mar gheall ar ghníomhartha arb éard iad sáruithe tromchúiseacha ar an dlí daonchairdiúil idirnáisiúnta faoin Reacht láithreach, ní dhéanfar é nó í a thriail os comhair cúirte náisiúnta mar gheall ar na gníomhartha céanna.
2. Maidir le duine a ndearna cúirt náisiúnta é nó í a thriail mar gheall ar ghníomhartha arb éard iad sáruithe tromchúiseacha ar an dlí daonchairdiúil idirnáisiúnta, ní fhéadfaidh an Binse Idirnáisiúnta é nó í a thriail dá éis sin ach amháin:
(a) más rud é gur sainíodh mar ghnáthchoir an gníomh a ndearnadh é nó í a thriail mar gheall air; nó
(b) más rud é nach raibh imeachtaí na cúirte náisiúnta neamhchlaon nó neamhspleách, má ba é ba chuspóir dóibh an cúisí a chosaint ar fhreagracht choiriúil idirnáisiúnta, nó mura ndearnadh an cás a thabhairt ar aghaidh go dúthrachtach.
3. Le linn dó breithniú a dhéanamh ar an bpionós atá le gearradh ar dhuine a bheidh ciontaithe i gcoir faoin Reacht láithreach, cuirfidh an Binse Idirnáisiúnta san áireamh an méid atá curtha isteach cheana féin d'aon phionós a ghearr cúirt náisiúnta ar an duine céanna mar gheall ar an ngníomh céanna.
Airteagal 11
Eagrú an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta
Beidh na horgáin seo a leanas sa Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta:
(a) Na Dlísheomraí, ina mbeidh dhá Dhlísheomra Trialach agus Dlísheomra Achomhairc;
(b) An tIonchúisitheoir, agus
(c) Clárlann, a fhónfaidh do na Dlísheomraí agus don Ionchúisitheoir araon.
Airteagal 12
Comhdhéanamh na nDlísheomraí
Beidh na Dlísheomraí comhdhéanta d'aon bhreitheamh déag neamhspleácha, nach mbeidh aon bheirt díobh ina náisiúnaigh den Stát céanna agus a fhónfaidh mar a leanas:
(a) Triúr breitheamh a fhónfaidh i ngach ceann ar leith de na Dlísheomraí Trialach;
(b) Cúigear breitheamh a fhónfaidh sa Dlísheomra Achomhairc.
Airteagal 13
Cáilíochtaí agus toghadh breithiúna
1. Daoine a bhfuil ardcháil mhorálta orthu, a bhfuil neamhchlaontacht agus ionracas ag baint leo agus a bhfuil na cáilíochtaí acu a éilítear ina dtíortha faoi seach i gcomhair ceapacháin chuig na hoifigí breithiúnacha is airde, a bheidh sna breithiúna. I gcomhdhéanamh foriomlán na nDlísheomraí déanfar taithí na mbreithiúna ar an dlí coiriúil, ar an dlí idirnáisiúnta, lena n-áirítear an dlí daonchairdiúil idirnáisiúnta agus dlí chearta an duine, a chur i gcuntas go cuí.
2. Déanfaidh an Comhthionól Ginearálta breithiúna an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta a thoghadh as liosta a bheidh curtha faoina bhráid ag an gComhairle Slándála, ar an modh seo a leanas:
(a) Iarrfaidh an tArd-Rúnaí ar Stáit is Comhaltaí de na Náisiúin Aontaithe agus ar Stáit nach comhaltaí iad ach a choinníonn misin bhreathnadóireachta bhuana ag Ceanncheathrú na Náisiún Aontaithe ainmniúcháin a dhéanamh le haghaidh bhreithiúna an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta;
(b) Laistigh de sheasca lá ón dáta a iarrfaidh an tArd-Rúnaí amhlaidh, féadfaidh gach Stát suas le beirt iarrthóirí a bhfuil na cáilíochtaí atá leagtha amach i mír 1 thuas acu a ainmniú, gan aon bheirt díobh a bheith den náisiúntacht chéanna;
(c) Déanfaidh an tArd-Rúnaí na hainmniúcháin a gheofar a chur ar aghaidh chuig an gComhairle Slándála. Déanfaidh an Chomhairle Slándála liosta d'iarrthóirí nach lú ná dhá dhuine is fiche agus nach mó ná trí dhuine is tríocha a bhunú as na hainmniúcháin a gheofar, agus ionadaíocht leordhóthanach do phríomhchórais dhlíthiúla an domhain á cur i gcuntas go cuí aici;
(d) Déanfaidh Uachtarán na Comhairle Slándála an liosta iarrthóirí a tharchur chuig Uachtarán an Chomhthionóil Ghinearálta. Déanfaidh an Comhthionól Ginearálta an t-aon bhreitheamh déag den Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta a thoghadh as an liosta sin. Maidir leis na hiarrthóirí a gheobhaidh tromlach glan de vótaí na Stát is Comhaltaí de na Náisiúin Aontaithe agus na Stát nach Comhaltaí iad ach a choinníonn misin bhreathnadóireachta bhuana ag Ceanncheathrú na Náisiún Aontaithe, dearbhófar iad a bheith tofa. Más rud é go bhfaighidh beirt iarrthóirí den náisiúntacht chéanna an tromlach vótaí is gá, measfar an duine a fuair an líon is airde vótaí a bheith tofa.
3. I gcás folúntais sna Dlísheomraí, tar éis dul i gcomhairle le hUachtaráin na Comhairle Slándála agus an Chomhthionóil Ghinearálta, déanfaidh an tArd-Rúnaí duine ag a bhfuil na cáilíochtaí i mír 1 thuas a cheapadh ar feadh a mbeidh fágtha den téarma oifige lena mbaineann.
4. Toghfar na breithiúna ar feadh téarma ceithre bliana. Is iad na téarmaí agus na coinníollacha seirbhíse ná téarmaí agus coinníollacha seirbhíse bhreithiúna na Cúirte Breithiúnais Idirnáisiúnta. Beidh siad in-atofa.
Airteagal 14
Oifigigh agus comhalta na nDlísheomraí
1. Déanfaidh breithiúna an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta Uachtarán a thoghadh.
2. Beidh Uachtarán an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta ina chomhalta nó ina comhalta den Dlísheomra Achomhairc agus beidh sé nó sí i gceannas ar a imeachtaí.
3. Tar éis dul i gcomhairle le breithiúna an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta déanfaidh an tUachtarán na breithiúna a shannadh don Dlísheomra Achomhairc agus do na Dlísheomraí Trialach. Ní fhónfaidh breitheamh ach amháin sa Dlísheomra dár sannadh é nó í.
4. Déanfaidh breithiúna gach Dlísheomra Trialach Breitheamh Ceannais a thoghadh, agus seolfaidh an breitheamh sin imeachtaí go léir an Dlísheomra Trialach ina iomláine.
Airteagal 15
Rialacha nós imeachta agus fianaise
Glacfaidh breithiúna an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta rialacha nós imeachta agus fianaise maidir leis an gcéim réamhthrialach de na himeachtaí a sheoladh, maidir le trialacha agus achomhairc, maidir le fianaise a ghlacadh, maidir le híospartaigh agus finnéithe a chosaint agus maidir le nithe cuí eile.
Airteagal 16
An tIonchúisitheoir
1. Beidh an tIonchúisitheoir freagrach in imscrúdú agus ionchúiseamh a dhéanamh ar dhaoine atá freagrach i sáruithe tromchúiseacha ar an dlí daonchairdiúil idirnáisiúnta arna ndéanamh i gcríoch na hiar-Iúgslaive ó 1 Eanáir 1991 i leith.
2. Gníomhóidh an tIonchúisitheoir go neamhspleách mar orgán ar leith den Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta. Ní iarrfaidh ná ní ghlacfaidh sé nó sí treoracha ó aon Rialtas nó ó aon fhoinse eile.
3. Beidh Oifig an Ionchúisitheora comhdhéanta d'Ionchúisitheoir agus cibé foireann cháilithe eile a mbeidh gá léi.
4. Ceapfaidh an Chomhairle Slándála an tIonchúisitheoir ar ainmniú ón Ard-Rúnaí. Beidh ardcháil mhorálta air nó uirthi agus beidh an leibhéal is airde inniúlachta agus taithí aige nó aici ar imscrúduithe agus ionchúisimh a sheoladh i gcásanna coiriúla. Fónfaidh an tIonchúisitheoir ar feadh téarma ceithre bliana agus beidh sé nó sí in-athcheaptha. Is iad téarmaí agus coinníollacha seirbhíse an Ionchúisitheora ná téarmaí agus coinníollacha seirbhíse Fo-Ard-Rúnaí de na Náisiúin Aontaithe.
5. Ceapfaidh an tArd-Rúnaí foireann Oifig an Ionchúisitheora ar mholadh ón Ionchúisitheoir.
Airteagal 17
An Chlárlann
1. Beidh an Chlárlann freagrach i riaradh agus friotháil a dhéanamh ar an mBinse Idirnáisiúnta.
2. Is éard a bheidh sa Chlárlann Cláraitheoir agus cibé foireann eile is gá.
3. Ceapfaidh an tArd-Rúnaí an Cláraitheoir tar éis dul i gcomhairle le hUachtarán an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta. Fónfaidh sé nó sí ar feadh téarma ceithre bliana agus beidh sé nó sí in-athcheaptha. Is iad téarmaí agus coinníollacha seirbhíse an Chláraitheora ná téarmaí agus coinníollacha seirbhíse Ard-Rúnaí Cúnta de na Náisiúin Aontaithe.
4. Ceapfaidh an tArd-Rúnaí foireann na Clárlainne ar mholadh ón gCláraitheoir.
Airteagal 18
Imscrúdú agus díotáil a ullmhú
1. Déanfaidh an tIonchúisitheoir imscrúduithe a thionscnamh ex-officio nó ar bhonn faisnéise a gheofar ó aon fhoinse, go háirithe ó Rialtais, ó orgáin de na Náisiúin Aontaithe, ó eagraíochtaí idir-rialtasacha agus neamhrialtasacha. Déanfaidh an tIonchúisitheoir an fhaisnéis a ghlacfar nó a gheofar a mheasúnú agus cinnfidh sé nó sí an bhfuil bonn leordhóthanach ann le dul ar aghaidh.
2. Beidh an chumhacht ag an Ionchúisitheoir daoine atá faoi dhrochamhras, íospartaigh agus finnéithe a cheistiú, fianaise a bhailiú agus imscrúduithe a sheoladh ar an láthair. Le linn na tascanna seo a chur i gcrích, féadfaidh an tIonchúisitheoir, de réir mar is cuí, cúnamh a iarraidh ar na húdaráis Stáit lena mbaineann.
3. I gcás go ndéanfar duine atá faoi dhrochamhras a cheistiú, beidh teideal aige chun cúnaimh ó abhcóide dá rogha féin, lena n-áirítear an ceart go sannfar cúnamh dlí dó gan íocaíocht uaidh in aon chás den sórt sin más rud é nach bhfuil acmhainní leordhóthanacha aige chun íoc as, chomh maith le teideal chun aistriúcháin riachtanaigh go teanga nó ó theanga a labhraíonn agus a thuigeann sé.
4. Ar chinneadh a bheith déanta gurb ann do chás prima facie, ullmhóidh an tIonchúisitheoir díotáil ina mbeidh ráiteas beacht faoi na fíorais agus faoin gcoir nó faoi na coireanna ar ina leith atá an cúisí á chúiseamh faoin Reacht. Déanfar an díotáil a tharchur chuig breitheamh den Dlísheomra Trialach.
Airteagal 19
An díotáil a athbhreithniú
1. Déanfaidh an breitheamh den Dlísheomra Trialach a ndearnadh an díotáil a tharchur chuige í a athbhreithniú. Más deimhin leis go ndearna an tIonchúisitheoir cás prima facie a shuíomh, daingneoidh sé an díotáil. Mura deimhin leis amhlaidh, déanfar an díotáil a dhíbhe.
2. Ar dhíotáil a bheith daingnithe, féadfaidh an breitheamh, ar iarraidh ón ionchúisitheoir, cibé orduithe agus barántais a eisiúint chun daoine a ghabháil, a choinneáil, a thabhairt suas nó a aistriú agus aon orduithe eile a eisiúint is gá chun an triail a sheoladh.
Airteagal 20
Tosach agus seoladh imeachtaí trialach
1. Áiritheoidh na Dlísheomraí Trialach, maidir le triail, go bhfuil sí cothrom agus dlúsúil agus go seoltar imeachtaí de réir na rialacha nós imeachta agus fianaise, go n-urramaítear go hiomlán cearta an chúisí agus go dtugtar aird chuí ar chosaint íospartach agus finnéithe.
2. Maidir le duine ar daingníodh díotáil ina choinne, déanfar, de bhun ordaithe nó barántais gabhála ón mBinse Idirnáisiúnta, é a ghlacadh i gcoimeád, cuirfear na cúisimh atá ina choinne in iúl dó láithreach agus déanfar é a aistriú chuig an mBinse Idirnáisiúnta.
3. Déanfaidh an Dlísheomra Trialach an díotáil a léamh, a dheimhniú dó féin go bhfuil cearta an chúisí á n-urramú, a dhaingniú go dtuigeann an cúisí an díotáil agus a threorú don chúisí pléadáil a thaifeadadh. Socróidh an Dlísheomra Trialach dáta le haghaidh na trialach ansin.
4. Seolfar na héisteachtaí go poiblí mura rud é go gcinnfidh an Dlísheomra Trialach na himeachtaí a iamh de réir a rialacha nós imeachta agus fianaise.
Airteagal 21
Cearta an chúisí
1. Beidh gach duine comhionann os comhair an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta.
2. Le linn cúisimh ina choinne a bheith á gcinneadh, beidh an cúisí i dteideal éisteacht chóir phoiblí a fháil, faoi réir airteagal 22 den Reacht.
3. Toimhdeofar an cúisí a bheith neamhchiontach go dtí go gcruthófar é a bheith ciontach de réir fhorálacha an Reachta láithrigh.
4. Le linn aon chúiseamh i gcoinne an chúisí a bheith á chinneadh de bhun an Reachta láithrigh, beidh an cúisí i dteideal na ráthaíochtaí íosta seo a leanas, i gcomhionannas iomlán:
(a) go gcuirfear in iúl dó go pras agus go mion, i dteanga a thuigeann sé, cad iad cineál agus cúis an chúisimh ina choinne;
(b) go mbeidh am agus áiseanna atá leordhóthanach aige chun a chosaint a ullmhú agus cumarsáid a dhéanamh le habhcóide a roghnóidh sé féin;
(c) go ndéanfar é a thriail gan mhoill mhíchuí;
(d) go ndéanfar é a thriail ina láthair féin, agus go ndéanfaidh sé é féin a chosaint go pearsanta nó trí chúnamh dlí a roghnóidh sé féin; go gcuirfear an ceart sin in iúl dó, más rud é nach bhfuil cúnamh dlí aige; agus go ndéanfar cúnamh dlí a shannadh dó, in aon chás inar gá sin ar mhaithe leis an gceartas, agus gan íocaíocht uaidh in aon chás den sórt sin más rud é nach bhfuil acmhainní leordhóthanacha aige chun íoc as;
(e) go ndéanfaidh sé, nó go gcuirfidh sé faoi deara go ndéanfar, na finnéithe ina choinne a cheistiú agus go gcuirfear faoi deara finnéithe ar a shon a bheith i láthair agus a cheistiú faoi na coinníollacha céanna le finnéithe ina choinne;
(f) go mbeidh cúnamh saor in aisce aige ó ateangaire mura bhfuil sé in ann an teanga a úsáidtear sa Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta a thuiscint nó a labhairt;
(g) nach gcuirfear iallach air fianaise a thabhairt ina choinne féin nó ciontacht a admháil.
Airteagal 22
Íospartaigh agus finnéithe a chosaint
Déanfaidh an Binse Idirnáisiúnta foráil ina rialacha nós imeachta agus fianaise le haghaidh íospartaigh agus finnéithe a chosaint. Áireofar ar na bearta cosanta sin imeachtaí a sheoladh i gcúirt iata agus céannacht an íospartaigh a choimeád faoi rún, cé nach iad sin amháin a bheidh i gceist.
Airteagal 23
Breithiúnas
1. Déanfaidh na Dlísheomraí Trialach breithiúnais a fhógairt agus pianbhreitheanna agus pionóis a ghearradh ar dhaoine a chiontófar i sáruithe tromchúiseacha ar an dlí daonchairdiúil idirnáisiúnta.
2. Is le tromlach na mbreithiúna den Dlísheomra Trialach a chinnfear an breithiúnas, agus déanfaidh an Dlísheomra Trialach é a chraoladh go poiblí. Beidh tuairim réasúnaithe i scríbhinn ag gabháil leis, ar féidir tuairimí ar leithligh nó easaontacha a chur mar fhoscríbhinn léi.
Airteagal 24
Pionóis
1. Ní dhéanfaidh an Dlísheomra Trialach aon phionós seachas príosúnacht a ghearradh. Le linn na téarmaí príosúnachta a chinneadh, rachaidh na Dlísheomraí Trialach ar iontaoibh an chleachtais choitianta maidir le pianbhreitheanna príosúnachta i gcúirteanna na hiar-Iúgslaive.
2. Le linn na pianbhreitheanna a fhorchur, is ceart do na Dlísheomraí Trialach tosca ar nós thromaíocht an chiona agus imthosca ar leith an duine chiontaithe a chur i gcuntas.
3. I dteannta príosúnachta, féadfaidh na Dlísheomraí Trialach a ordú go ndéanfar aon mhaoin agus fáltais a fuarthas trí iompar coiriúil, lena n-áirítear trí éigeantas, a thabhairt ar ais dá n-úinéirí dlisteanacha.
Airteagal 25
Imeachtaí achomhairc
1. Déanfaidh an Dlísheomra Achomhairc achomhairc a éisteacht ó dhaoine a bheidh ciontaithe ag na Dlísheomraí Trialach nó ón Ionchúisitheoir ar na forais seo a leanas:
(a) earráid ar cheist dlí a fhágann go bhfuil an cinneadh neamhbhailí; nó
(b) earráid fíorais a bhí ina thrúig le hiomrall ceartais.
2. Féadfaidh an Dlísheomra Achomhairc na cinntí a dhéanann na Dlísheomraí Trialach a dhaingniú, a fhreaschur nó a athrú.
Airteagal 26
Imeachtaí athbhreithnithe
I gcás ina n-aimseofar fíoras nua nach raibh ar eolas tráth na n-imeachtaí os comhair na nDlísheomraí Trialach nó an Dlísheomra Achomhairc ar fíoras é a d'fhéadfadh a bheith ina thoisc chinntitheach le linn teacht ar an gcinneadh, féadfaidh an duine ciontaithe nó an tIonchúisitheoir iarratas ar athbhreithniú ar an mbreithiúnas a chur faoi bhráid an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta.
Airteagal 27
Pianbhreitheanna a fhorfheidhmiú
Déanfar príosúnacht a chur isteach i Stát a bheidh ainmnithe ag an mBinse Idirnáisiúnta as liosta de Stáit a chuir in iúl don Chomhairle Slándála go bhfuil siad toilteanach glacadh le daoine ciontaithe. Beidh an phríosúnacht sin de réir dhlí infheidhme an Stáit lena mbaineann, faoi réir mhaoirseacht an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta.
Airteagal 28
Maithiúnas nó iomalartú pianbhreitheanna
Más rud é, de bhun dhlí infheidhme an Stáit a bhfuil an duine ciontaithe faoi phríosúnacht ann, go bhfuil sé nó sí cáilithe le haghaidh maithiúnais nó iomalartaithe pianbhreithe, tabharfaidh an Stát lena mbaineann fógra dá réir sin don Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta. Déanfaidh Uachtarán an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta, i gcomhairle leis na breithiúna, an t-ábhar a chinneadh ar bhonn leasanna an cheartais agus phrionsabail ghinearálta an dlí.
Airteagal 29
Comhoibriú agus cúnamh breithiúnach
1. Comhoibreoidh Stáit leis an mBinse Idirnáisiúnta le linn dó imscrúdú agus ionchúiseamh a dhéanamh ar dhaoine a chúiseofar i sáruithe tromchúiseacha a dhéanamh ar an dlí daonchairdiúil idirnáisiúnta.
2. Déanfaidh Stáit aon iarraidh ar chúnamh nó ordú a eiseoidh Dlísheomra Trialach a chomhlíonadh gan mhoill mhíchuí, lena n-áirítear:
(a) daoine a aithint agus a aimsiú;
(b) teist a thógáil agus fianaise a thabhairt ar aird;
(c) doiciméid a sheirbheáil;
(d) daoine a ghabháil nó a choinneáil;
(e) an cúisí a thabhairt suas don Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta nó a aistriú chuige,
cé nach iad sin amháin a bheidh i gceist.
Airteagal 30
Stádas, pribhléidí agus díolúintí an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta
1. Beidh feidhm ag an gCoinbhinsiún ar Phribhléidí agus ar Dhíolúintí na Náisiún Aontaithe den 13 Feabhra 1946 maidir leis an mBinse Idirnáisiúnta, maidir leis na breithiúna, maidir leis an Ionchúisitheoir agus a fhoireann, agus maidir leis an gCláraitheoir agus a fhoireann.
2. Teachtfaidh na breithiúna, an tIonchúisitheoir agus an Cláraitheoir na pribhléidí agus na díolúintí, na saoirseachtaí agus na saoráidí a thugtar do thoscairí taidhleoireachta, de réir an dlí idirnáisiúnta.
3. Teachtfaidh foireann an Ionchúisitheora agus an Chláraitheora na pribhléidí agus na díolúintí a thugtar d'oifigigh de chuid na Náisiún Aontaithe faoi Airteagail V agus VII den Choinbhinsiún dá dtagraítear i mír 1 den airteagal seo.
4. Cuirfear cibé cóir is gá ar mhaithe le feidhmiú cuí an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta ar dhaoine eile, lena n-áirítear an cúisí, a gceanglaítear orthu a bheith ag suíomh an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta.
Airteagal 31
Suíomh an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta
Is sa Háig a bheidh a shuíomh ag an mBinse Idirnáisiúnta.
Airteagal 32
Caiteachais an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta
Beidh caiteachais an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta ina muirear ar ghnáthbhuiséad na Náisiún Aontaithe de réir Airteagal 17 de Chairt na Náisiún Aontaithe.
Airteagal 33
Teangacha oibre
Is iad Béarla agus Fraincis teangacha oibre an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta.
Airteagal 34
Tuarascáil bhliantúil
Déanfaidh Uachtarán an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta tuarascáil bhliantúil ón mBinse Idirnáisiúnta a chur faoi bhráid na Comhairle Slándála agus an Chomhthionóil Ghinearálta.
AN CEATHRÚ SCEIDEAL
Reacht Bhinse Ruanda
Ar bheith bunaithe dó ag an gComhairle Slándála ag gníomhú di faoi Chaibidil VII de Chairt na Náisiún Aontaithe, feidhmeoidh an Binse Coiriúil Idirnáisiúnta um Ionchúiseamh a Dhéanamh ar Dhaoine atá Freagrach i gCinedhíothú agus i Sáruithe Tromchúiseacha Eile ar an Dlí Daonchairdiúil Idirnáisiúnta arna nDéanamh i gCríoch Ruanda agus ar shaoránaigh Ruandacha atá freagrach i gcinedhíothú agus i sáruithe eile den sórt sin arna ndéanamh i gcríoch Stát comharsanach, idir 1 Eanáir, 1994 agus 31 Nollaig, 1994 (dá ngairtear “an Binse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda” anseo feasta) de réir fhorálacha an Reachta láithrigh.
Airteagal 1
Inniúlacht an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda
Beidh an chumhacht ag an mBinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda ionchúiseamh a dhéanamh ar dhaoine atá freagrach i sáruithe tromchúiseacha ar an dlí daonchairdiúil idirnáisiúnta arna ndéanamh i gcríoch Ruanda agus ar shaoránaigh Ruandacha atá freagrach i sáruithe den sórt sin arna ndéanamh i gcríoch Stát máguaird, idir 1 Eanáir 1994 agus 31 Nollaig 1994, de réir fhorálacha an Reachta láithrigh.
Airteagal 2
Cinedhíothú
1. Beidh an chumhacht ag an mBinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda ionchúiseamh a dhéanamh ar dhaoine a dhéanfaidh cinedhíothú mar a mhínítear i mír 2 den airteagal seo nó a dhéanfaidh aon cheann de na gníomhartha eile atá liostaithe i mír 3 den airteagal seo.
2. Ciallaíonn cinedhíothú aon ghníomh díobh seo a leanas arna dhéanamh le hintinn grúpa náisiúnta, eitneach, ciníoch nó creidimh a scriosadh, go hiomlán nó go páirteach, mar ghrúpa den sórt sin:
(a) Comhaltaí den ghrúpa a mharú;
(b) Díobháil thromchúiseach coirp nó meabhrach a dhéanamh do chomhaltaí den ghrúpa;
(c) Dálaí maireachtála ar dóigh dóibh scriosadh fisiceach a thabhairt i gcrích, go hiomlán nó go páirteach, a bhrú d'aon toisc ar an ngrúpa;
(d) Bearta arb é is cuspóir dóibh cosc a chur le breitheanna laistigh den ghrúpa a chur i bhfeidhm;
(e) Leanaí de chuid an ghrúpa a aistriú go forneartach chuig grúpa eile.
3. Beidh na gníomhartha seo a leanas inphionósaithe:
(a) Cinedhíothú;
(b) Comhcheilg cinedhíothú a dhéanamh;
(c) Gríosú díreach agus poiblí le cinedhíothú a dhéanamh;
(d) Iarracht ar chinedhíothú a dhéanamh;
(e) Comhpháirteachas i gcinedhíothú.
Airteagal 3
Coireanna in aghaidh na daonnachta
Beidh an chumhacht ag an mBinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda ionchúiseamh a dhéanamh ar dhaoine atá freagrach sna coireanna seo a leanas nuair a dhéantar iad mar chuid d'ionsaí forleathan nó córasach ar aon phobal sibhialtach ar fhorais náisiúnta, pholaitíochta, eitneacha, chiníocha nó chreidimh:
(a) Dúnmharú;
(b) Díothú;
(c) Daoirse;
(d) Díbirt;
(e) Príosúnú;
(f) Céastóireacht;
(g) Éigniú;
(h) Géarleanúint ar fhorais pholaitíochta, chiníocha agus chreidimh;
(i) Gníomhartha mídhaonnachtúla eile.
Airteagal 4
Sáruithe ar Airteagal 3 atá i ngach ceann de Choinbhinsiúin na Ginéive agus ar Phrótacal Breise II
Beidh an chumhacht ag an mBinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda ionchúiseamh a dhéanamh ar dhaoine a dhéanfaidh sáruithe tromchúiseacha ar Airteagal 3 atá i ngach ceann de Choinbhinsiúin na Ginéive den 12 Lúnasa 1949 um Íospartaigh Chogaidh a Choimirciú agus ar Phrótacal Breise II a ghabhann leo sin den 8 Meitheamh 1977, nó a ordóidh go ndéanfaí sáruithe tromchúiseacha den sórt sin. Ar na sáruithe sin beidh:
(a) Foréigean ar bheatha, ar shláinte nó ar dhea-bhail coirp nó meabhrach daoine, go háirithe dúnmharú chomh maith le cruálacht mar chéastóireacht, ciorrú nó pionós coirp d'aon chineál;
(b) Pionóis chomhchoitianta;
(c) Gialla a thógáil;
(d) Gníomhartha sceimhlitheoireachta;
(e) Anfhorlann ar dhínit duine, go háirithe uirísliú agus táirchéimniú, éigniú, meirdreachas ainneonach agus ionsaí mígheanasach d'aon chineál;
(f) Slad;
(g) Pianbhreitheanna a thabhairt agus básuithe a dhéanamh gan breithiúnas a bheith fógartha roimhe sin ag cúirt a bunaíodh go rialta agus a thugann na ráthaíochtaí go léir a aithníonn pobail shibhialta nach féidir déanamh dá n-éagmais;
(h) Bagairtí aon cheann de na gníomhartha sin roimhe seo a dhéanamh,
cé nach iad sin amháin a bheidh i gceist.
Airteagal 5
Dlínse phearsanta
Beidh dlínse ag an mBinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda ar dhaoine nádúrtha de bhun fhorálacha an Reachta láithrigh.
Airteagal 6
Freagracht choiriúil indibhidiúil
1. Maidir le duine a phleanáil, a thionscain, a d'ordaigh nó a rinne coir dá dtagraítear i míreanna 2 go 4 den Reacht láithreach nó a chabhraigh agus a neartaigh, ar aon slí eile, le pleanáil, le hullmhú nó le déanamh coire den sórt sin, beidh sé nó sí freagrach go hindibhidiúil sa choir.
2. Ní dhéanfaidh post oifigiúil aon duine chúisithe, cibé acu mar Cheann Stáit nó Rialtais nó mar oifigeach Rialtais freagrach, an duine sin a shaoradh ó fhreagracht choiriúil ná pionós a mhaolú.
3. Sa chás gurbh íochtarán a rinne aon cheann de na gníomhartha dá dtagraítear i míreanna 2 go 4 den Reacht láithreach, ní shaorann sé sin a uachtarán nó a huachtarán ó fhreagracht choiriúil má bhí a fhios aige nó aici nó má bhí cúis ann go mbeadh a fhios aige nó aici go raibh an t-íochtarán ar tí gníomhartha den sórt sin a dhéanamh nó go ndearna sé nó sí amhlaidh agus gur mhainnigh an t-uachtarán na bearta riachtanacha agus réasúnacha a ghlacadh chun na gníomhartha sin a chosc nó chun lucht a ndéanta a phionósú.
4. Sa chás gur de bhun ordaithe ó Rialtas nó ó uachtarán a ghníomhaigh duine cúisithe, ní shaorfaidh sé sin é nó í ó fhreagracht choiriúil, ach féadfar é a chur san áireamh mar mhaolú ar phionós má chinneann an Binse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda gur gá sin de réir an cheartais.
Airteagal 7
Dlínse chríche agus ama
Bainfidh dlínse chríche an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda le críoch Ruanda, lena n-áirítear a dromchla talún agus a haerspás chomh maith le críoch Stát comharsanach i leith sáruithe tromchúiseacha ar an dlí daonchairdiúil idirnáisiúnta arna ndéanamh ag saoránaigh Ruandacha. Bainfidh dlínse ama an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda le tréimhse dar thús 1 Eanáir 1994 agus dar chríoch 31 Nollaig 1994.
Airteagal 8
Dlínse chomhthráthach
1. Beidh dlínse chomhthráthach ag an mBinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda agus ag cúirteanna náisiúnta chun ionchúiseamh a dhéanamh ar dhaoine mar gheall ar sháruithe tromchúiseacha ar an dlí daonchairdiúil idirnáisiúnta arna ndéanamh i gcríoch Ruanda agus ar shaoránaigh Ruandacha mar gheall ar sháruithe den sórt sin arna ndéanamh i gcríoch Stát comharsanach, idir 1 Eanáir 1994 agus 31 Nollaig 1994.
2. Beidh príomhaíocht ag an mBinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda ar chúirteanna náisiúnta na Stát go léir. Féadfaidh an Binse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda, ag aon chéim den nós imeachta, a iarraidh go foirmiúil ar chúirteanna náisiúnta géilleadh dá inniúlacht de réir an Reachta láithrigh agus Rialacha Nós Imeachta agus Fianaise an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda.
Airteagal 9
Non bis in idem
1. Maidir le haon duine a ndearna an Binse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda é nó í a thriail cheana féin mar gheall ar ghníomhartha arb éard iad sáruithe tromchúiseacha ar an dlí daonchairdiúil idirnáisiúnta faoin Reacht láithreach, ní dhéanfar é nó í a thriail os comhair cúirte náisiúnta mar gheall ar na gníomhartha céanna.
2. Maidir le duine a ndearna cúirt náisiúnta é nó í a thriail mar gheall ar ghníomhartha arb éard iad sáruithe tromchúiseacha ar an dlí daonchairdiúil idirnáisiúnta, ní fhéadfaidh an Binse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda é nó í a thriail dá éis sin ach amháin:
(a) Más rud é gur sainíodh mar ghnáthchoir an gníomh a ndearnadh é nó í a thriail mar gheall air; nó
(b) Más rud é nach raibh imeachtaí na cúirte náisiúnta neamhchlaon nó neamhspleách, má ba é ba chuspóir dóibh an cúisí a chosaint ar fhreagracht choiriúil idirnáisiúnta, nó mura ndearnadh an cás a thabhairt ar aghaidh go dúthrachtach.
3. Le linn dó breithniú a dhéanamh ar an bpionós atá le gearradh ar dhuine a bheidh ciontaithe i gcoir faoin Reacht láithreach, cuirfidh an Binse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda san áireamh an méid atá curtha isteach cheana féin d'aon phionós a ghearr cúirt náisiúnta ar an duine céanna mar gheall ar an ngníomh céanna.
Airteagal 10
Eagrú an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda
Beidh na horgáin seo a leanas sa Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda:
(a) Na Dlísheomraí, ina mbeidh dhá Dhlísheomra Trialach agus Dlísheomra Achomhairc;
(b) An tIonchúisitheoir; agus
(c) Clárlann.
Airteagal 11
Comhdhéanamh na nDlísheomraí
Beidh na Dlísheomraí comhdhéanta d'aon bhreitheamh déag neamhspleácha, nach mbeidh aon bheirt díobh ina náisiúnaigh den Stát céanna agus a fhónfaidh mar a leanas:
(a) Triúr breitheamh a fhónfaidh i ngach ceann ar leith de na Dlísheomraí Trialach;
(b) Cúigear breitheamh a fhónfaidh sa Dlísheomra Achomhairc.
Airteagal 12
Cáilíocht agus toghadh breithiúna
1. Daoine a bhfuil ardcháil mhorálta orthu, a bhfuil neamhchlaontacht agus ionracas ag baint leo agus a bhfuil na cáilíochtaí acu a éilítear ina dtíortha faoi seach i gcomhair ceapacháin chuig na hoifigí breithiúnacha is airde, a bheidh sna breithiúna. I gcomhdhéanamh foriomlán na nDlísheomraí déanfar taithí na mbreithiúna ar an dlí coiriúil, ar an dlí idirnáisiúnta, lena n-áirítear an dlí daonchairdiúil idirnáisiúnta agus dlí chearta an duine, a chur i gcuntas go cuí.
2. Déanfaidh comhaltaí Dhlísheomra Achomhairc an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta um Ionchúiseamh a Dhéanamh ar Dhaoine atá Freagrach i Sáruithe Tromchúiseacha ar an Dlí Idirnáisiúnta arna nDéanamh i gCríoch na hIar-Iúgslaive ó 1991 i leith (dá ngairtear “an Binse Idirnáisiúnta don Iar-Iúgslaiv” anseo feasta) fónamh freisin mar chomhaltaí Dhlísheomra Achomhairc an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda.
3. Déanfaidh an Comhthionól Ginearálta breithiúna Dhlísheomraí Trialach an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda a thoghadh as liosta a bheidh curtha faoina bhráid ag an gComhairle Slándála, ar an modh seo a leanas:
(a) Iarrfaidh an tArd-Rúnaí ar Stáit is Comhaltaí de na Náisiúin Aontaithe agus ar Stáit nach comhaltaí iad ach a choinníonn misin bhreathnadóireachta bhuana ag Ceanncheathrú na Náisiún Aontaithe ainmniúcháin a dhéanamh le haghaidh bhreithiúna na nDlísheomraí Trialach;
(b) Laistigh de thríocha lá ón dáta a iarrfaidh an tArd-Rúnaí amhlaidh, féadfaidh gach Stát suas le beirt iarrthóirí a bhfuil na cáilíochtaí atá leagtha amach i mír 1 thuas acu a ainmniú, gan aon bheirt díobh a bheith den náisiúntacht chéanna agus gan ceachtar díobh a bheith den náisiúntacht chéanna le haon bhreitheamh ar an Dlísheomra Achomhairc;
(c) Déanfidh an tArd-Rúnaí na hainmniúcháin a gheofar a chur ar aghaidh chuig an gComhairle Slándála. Déanfaidh an Chomhairle Slándála liosta d'iarrthóirí nach lú ná dáréag agus nach mó ná ocht nduine dhéag a bhunú as na hainmniúcháin a gheofar, agus ionadaíocht leordhóthanach ar an mBinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda do phríomhchórais dhlíthiúla an domhain á cur i gcuntas go cuí aici;
(d) Déanfaidh Uachtarán na Comhairle Slándála an liosta iarrthóirí a tharchur chuig Uachtarán an Chomhthionóil Ghinearálta. Déanfaidh an Comhthionól Ginearálta an seisear breitheamh de na Dlísheomraí Trialach a thoghadh as an liosta sin. Maidir leis na hiarrthóirí a gheobhaidh tromlach glan de vótaí na Stát is Comhaltaí de na Náisiúin Aontaithe agus na Stát nach Comhaltaí iad ach a choinníonn misin bhreathnadóireachta bhuana ag Ceanncheathrú na Náisiún Aontaithe, dearbhófar iad a bheith tofa. Más rud é go bhfaighidh beirt iarrthóirí den náisiúntacht chéanna an tromlach vótaí is gá, measfar an duine a fuair an líon is airde vótaí a bheith tofa.
4. I gcás folúntais sna Dlísheomraí Trialach, tar éis dul i gcomhairle le hUachtaráin na Comhairle Slándála agus an Chomhthionóil Ghinearálta, déanfaidh an tArd-Rúnaí duine ag a bhfuil na cáilíochtaí i mír 1 thuas a cheapadh ar feadh a mbeidh fágtha den téarma oifige lena mbaineann.
5. Toghfar breithiúna na nDlísheomraí Trialach ar feadh téarma ceithre bliana. Is iad na téarmaí agus na coinníollacha seirbhíse ná téarmaí agus coinníollacha seirbhíse bhreithiúna an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta don Iar-Iúgslaiv. Beidh siad in-atofa.
Airteagal 13
Oifigigh agus comhaltaí na nDlísheomraí
1. Déanfaidh breithiúna an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda Uachtarán a thoghadh.
2. Tar éis dul i gcomhairle le breithiúna an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda déanfaidh an tUachtarán na breithiúna a shannadh do na Dlísheomraí Trialach. Ní fhónfaidh breitheamh ach amháin sa Dlísheomra dár sannadh é nó í.
3. Déanfaidh breithiúna gach Dlísheomra Trialach Breitheamh Ceannais a thoghadh, agus seolfaidh an breitheamh sin imeachtaí go léir an Dlísheomra Trialach sin ina iomláine.
Airteagal 14
Rialacha nós imeachta agus fianaise
Chun críocha imeachtaí os comhair an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda, glacfaidh breithiúna an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda rialacha nós imeachta agus fianaise an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta don Iar-Iúgslaiv maidir leis an gcéim réamhthrialach de na himeachtaí a sheoladh, maidir le trialacha agus achomhairc, maidir le fianaise a ghlacadh, maidir le híospartaigh agus finnéithe a chosaint agus maidir le nithe cuí eile, maille le cibé athruithe a mheasfaidh siad is gá.
Airteagal 15
An tIonchúisitheoir
1. Beidh an tIonchúisitheoir freagrach in imscrúdú agus ionchúiseamh a dhéanamh ar dhaoine atá freagrach i sáruithe tromchúiseacha ar an dlí daonchairdiúil idirnáisiúnta arna ndéanamh i gcríoch Ruanda agus ar shaoránaigh Ruandacha atá freagrach i sáruithe den sórt sin arna ndéanamh i gcríoch Stát comharsanach, idir 1 Eanáir 1994 agus 31 Nollaig 1994.
2. Gníomhóidh an tIonchúisitheoir go neamhspleách mar orgán ar leith den Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda. Ní iarrfaidh ná ní ghlacfaidh sé nó sí treoracha ó aon Rialtas nó ó aon fhoinse eile.
3. Déanfaidh Ionchúisitheoir an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta don Iar-Iúgslaiv fónamh freisin mar Ionchúisitheoir an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda. Beidh foireann bhreise aige nó aici, lena n-áirítear Leas-Ionchúisitheoir breise, chun cúnamh a thabhairt maidir le hionchúisimh os comhair an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda. Ceapfaidh an tArd-Rúnaí an fhoireann sin ar mholadh ón Ionchúisitheoir.
Airteagal 16
An Chlárlann
1. Beidh an Chlárlann freagrach i riaradh agus friotháil a dhéanamh ar an mBinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda.
2. Is éard a bheidh sa Chlárlann Cláraitheoir agus cibé foireann eile is gá.
3. Ceapfaidh an tArd-Rúnaí an Cláraitheoir tar éis dul i gcomhairle le hUachtarán an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda. Fónfaidh sé nó sí ar feadh téarma ceithre bliana agus beidh sé nó sí in-athcheaptha. Is iad téarmaí agus coinníollacha seirbhíse an Chláraitheora ná téarmaí agus coinníollacha seirbhíse Ard-Rúnaí Cúnta de chuid na Náisiún Aontaithe.
4. Ceapfaidh an tArd-Rúnaí foireann na Clárlainne ar mholadh ón gCláraitheoir.
Airteagal 17
Imscrúdú agus díotáil a ullmhú
1. Déanfaidh an tIonchúisitheoir imscrúduithe a thionscnamh ex-officio nó ar bhonn faisnéise a gheofar ó aon fhoinse, go háirithe ó Rialtais, ó orgáin de chuid na Náisiún Aontaithe, ó eagraíochtaí idir-rialtasacha agus neamhrialtasacha. Déanfaidh an tIonchúisitheoir an fhaisnéis a ghlacfar nó a gheofar a mheasúnú agus cinnfidh sé nó sí an bhfuil bonn leordhóthanach ann le dul ar aghaidh.
2. Beidh an chumhacht ag an Ionchúisitheoir daoine atá faoi dhrochamhras, íospartaigh agus finnéithe a cheistiú, fianaise a bhailiú agus imscrúduithe a sheoladh ar an láthair. Le linn na tascanna seo a chur i gcrích, féadfaidh an tIonchúisitheoir, de réir mar is cuí, cúnamh a iarraidh ar na húdaráis Stáit lena mbaineann.
3. I gcás go ndéanfar duine atá faoi dhrochamhras a cheistiú, beidh teideal aige nó aici chun cúnaimh ó abhcóide dá rogha féin, lena n-áirítear an ceart go sannfar cúnamh dlí don duine atá faoi dhrochamhras gan íocaíocht uaidh nó uaithi in aon chás den sórt sin más rud é nach bhfuil acmhainní leordhóthanacha aige nó aici chun íoc as, chomh maith le teideal chun aistriúcháin riachtanaigh go teanga nó ó theanga a labhraíonn agus a thuigeann sé nó sí.
4. Ar chinneadh a bheith déanta gurb ann do chás prima facie, ullmhóidh an tIonchúisitheoir díotáil ina mbeidh ráiteas beacht faoi na fíorais agus faoin gcoir nó faoi na coireanna ar ina leith atá an cúisí á chúiseamh nó á cúiseamh faoin Reacht. Déanfar an díotáil a tharchur chuig breitheamh den Dlísheomra Trialach.
Airteagal 18
An díotáil a athbhreithniú
1. Déanfaidh an breitheamh den Dlísheomra Trialach a ndearnadh an díotáil a tharchur chuige nó chuici í a athbhreithniú. Más deimhin leis nó léi go ndearna an tIonchúisitheoir cás prima facie a shuíomh, daingneoidh sé nó sí an díotáil. Mura deimhin leis nó léi amhlaidh, déanfar an díotáil a dhíbhe.
2. Ar dhíotáil a bheith daingnithe, féadfaidh an breitheamh, ar iarraidh ón Ionchúisitheoir, cibé orduithe agus barántais a eisiúint chun daoine a ghabháil, a choinneáil, a thabhairt suas nó a aistriú agus aon orduithe eile a eisiúint is gá chun an triail a sheoladh.
Airteagal 19
Tosach agus seoladh imeachtaí trialach
1. Áiritheoidh na Dlísheomraí Trialach, maidir le triail, go bhfuil sí cothrom agus dlúsúil agus go seolfar imeachtaí de réir na rialacha nós imeachta agus fianaise, go n-urramaítear go hiomlán cearta an chúisí agus go dtugtar aird chuí ar chosaint íospartach agus finnéithe.
2. Maidir le duine ar daingníodh díotáil ina choinne nó ina coinne, déanfar, de bhun ordaithe nó barántais gabhála ón mBinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda, é nó í a ghlacadh i gcoimeád, cuirfear na cúisimh atá ina choinne nó ina coinne in iúl dó nó di láithreach agus déanfar é nó í a aistriú chuig an mBinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda.
3. Déanfaidh an Dlísheomra Trialach an díotáil a léamh, a dheimhniú dó féin go bhfuil cearta an chúisí á n-urramú, a dhaingniú go dtuigeann an cúisí an díotáil agus a threorú don chúisí pléadáil a thaifeadadh. Socróidh an Dlísheomra Trialach dáta le haghaidh na trialach ansin.
4. Seolfar na héisteachtaí go poiblí mura rud é go gcinnfidh an Dlísheomra Trialach na himeachtaí a iamh de réir a rialacha nós imeachta agus fianaise.
Airteagal 20
Cearta an chúisí
1. Beidh gach duine comhionann os comhair an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda.
2. Le linn cúisimh ina choinne nó ina coinne a bheith á gcinneadh, beidh an cúisí i dteideal éisteacht chóir phoiblí a fháil, faoi réir airteagal 21 den Reacht.
3. Toimhdeofar an cúisí a bheith neamhchiontach go dtí go gcruthófar é nó í a bheith ciontach de réir fhorálacha an Reachta láithrigh.
4. Le linn aon chúiseamh i gcoinne an chúisí a bheith á chinneadh de bhun an Reachta láithrigh, beidh an cúisí i dteideal na ráthaíochtaí íosta seo a leanas, i gcomhionannas iomlán:
(a) Go gcuirfear in iúl dó nó di go pras agus go mion, i dteanga a thuigeann sé nó sí, cad iad cineál agus cúis an chúisimh ina choinne nó ina coinne;
(b) Go mbeidh am agus áiseanna atá leordhóthanach aige nó aici chun a chosaint nó a cosaint a ullmhú agus cumarsáid a dhéanamh le habhcóide a roghnóidh sé nó sí féin;
(c) Go ndéanfar é nó í a thriail gan mhoill mhíchuí;
(d) Go ndéanfar é nó í a thriail ina láthair féin, agus go ndéanfaidh sé nó sí é féin nó í féin a chosaint go pearsanta nó trí chúnamh dlí a roghnóidh sé nó sí féin; go gcuirfear an ceart sin in iúl dó nó di, más rud é nach bhfuil cúnamh dlí aige nó aici; agus go ndéanfar cúnamh dlí a shannadh dó nó di, in aon chás inar gá sin ar mhaithe leis an gceartas, agus gan íocaíocht uaidh nó uaithi in aon chás den sórt sin más rud é nach bhfuil acmhainní leordhóthanacha aige nó aici chun íoc as;
(e) Go ndéanfaidh sé nó sí, nó go gcuirfidh sé nó sí faoi deara go ndéanfar, na finnéithe ina choinne nó ina coinne a cheistiú agus go gcuirfear faoi deara finnéithe ar a shon nó ar a son a bheith i láthair agus a cheistiú faoi na coinníollacha céanna le finnéithe ina choinne nó ina coinne;
(f) Go mbeidh cúnamh saor in aisce aige nó aici ó ateangaire mura bhfuil sé nó sí in ann an teanga a úsáidtear sa Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda a thuiscint nó a labhairt;
(g) Nach gcuirfear iallach air nó uirthi fianaise a thabhairt ina choinne ná ina coinne féin nó ciontacht a admháil.
Airteagal 21
Íospartaigh agus finnéithe a chosaint
Déanfaidh an Binse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda foráil ina rialacha nós imeachta agus fianaise le haghaidh íospartaigh agus finnéithe a chosaint. Áireofar ar na bearta cosanta sin imeachtaí a sheoladh i gcúirt iata agus céannacht an íospartaigh a choimeád faoi rún, cé nach iad sin amháin a bheidh i gceist.
Airteagal 22
Breithiúnas
1. Déanfaidh na Dlísheomraí Trialach breithiúnais a fhógairt agus pianbhreitheanna agus pionóis a ghearradh ar dhaoine a chiontófar i sáruithe tromchúiseacha ar an dlí daonchairdiúil idirnáisiúnta.
2. Is le tromlach na mbreithiúna den Dlísheomra Trialach a chinnfear an breithiúnas, agus déanfaidh an Dlísheomra Trialach é a chraoladh go poiblí. Beidh tuairim réasúnaithe i scríbhinn ag gabháil leis, ar féidir tuairimí ar leithligh nó easaontacha a chur mar fhoscríbhinn léi.
Airteagal 23
Pionóis
1. Ní dhéanfaidh an Dlísheomra Trialach aon phionós seachas príosúnacht a ghearradh. Le linn na téarmaí príosúnachta a chinneadh, rachaidh na Dlísheomraí Trialach ar iontaoibh an chleachtais choitianta maidir le pianbhreitheanna príosúnachta i gcúirteanna Ruanda.
2. Le linn na pianbhreitheanna a fhorchur, is ceart do na Dlísheomraí Trialach tosca ar nós thromaíocht an chiona agus imthosca ar leith an duine chiontaithe a chur i gcuntas.
3. I dteannta príosúnachta, féadfaidh na Dlísheomraí Trialach a ordú go ndéanfar aon mhaoin agus fáltais a fuarthas trí iompar coiriúil, lena n-áirítear trí éigeantas, a thabhairt ar ais dá n-úinéirí dlisteanacha.
Airteagal 24
Imeachtaí achomhairc
1. Déanfaidh an Dlísheomra Achomhairc achomhairc a éisteacht ó dhaoine a bheidh ciontaithe ag na Dlísheomraí Trialach nó ón Ionchúisitheoir ar na forais seo a leanas:
(a) Earráid ar cheist dlí a fhágann go bhfuil an cinneadh neamhbhailí; nó
(b) Earráid fíorais a bhí ina thrúig le hiomrall ceartais.
2. Féadfaidh an Dlísheomra Achomhairc na cinntí a dhéanann na Dlísheomraí Trialach a dhaingniú, a fhreaschur nó a athrú.
Airteagal 25
Imeachtaí athbhreithnithe
I gcás ina n-aimseofar fíoras nua nach raibh ar eolas tráth na n-imeachtaí os comhair na nDlísheomraí Trialach nó an Dlísheomra Achomhairc ar fíoras é a d'fhéadfadh a bheith ina thoisc chinntitheach le linn teacht ar an gcinneadh, féadfaidh an duine ciontaithe nó an tIonchúisitheoir iarratas ar athbhreithniú ar an mbreithiúnas a chur faoi bhráid an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda.
Airteagal 26
Pianbhreitheanna a fhorfheidhmiú
Déanfar príosúnacht a chur isteach i Ruanda nó in aon Stát, a bheidh ainmnithe ag an mBinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda, astu sin atá ar liosta de Stáit a chuir in iúl don Chomhairle Slándála go bhfuil siad toilteanach glacadh le daoine ciontaithe. Beidh an phríosúnacht sin de réir dhlí infheidhme an Stáit lena mbaineann, faoi réir mhaoirseacht an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda.
Airteagal 27
Maithiúnas nó iomalartú pianbhreitheanna
Más rud é, de bhun dhlí infheidhme an Stáit a bhfuil an duine ciontaithe faoi phríosúnacht ann, go bhfuil sé nó sí cáilithe le haghaidh maithiúnais nó iomalartaithe pianbhreithe, tabharfaidh an Stát lena mbaineann fógra dá réir sin don Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda. Ní bheidh maithiúnas ná iomalartú pianbhreithe ann ach amháin más rud é go ndéanfaidh Uachtarán an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda, i gcomhairle leis na breithiúna, a chinneadh amhlaidh ar bhonn leasanna an cheartais agus phrionsabail ghinearálta an dlí.
Airteagal 28
Comhoibriú agus cúnamh breithiúnach
1. Comhoibreoidh Stáit leis an mBinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda le linn dó imscrúdú agus ionchúiseamh a dhéanamh ar dhaoine a chúiseofar i sáruithe tromchúiseacha a dhéanamh ar an dlí daonchairdiúil idirnáisiúnta.
2. Déanfaidh Stáit aon iarraidh ar chúnamh nó ordú a eiseoidh Dlísheomra Trialach a chomhlíonadh gan mhoill mhíchuí, lena n-áirítear:
(a) Daoine a aithint agus a aimsiú;
(b) Teist a thógáil agus fianaise a thabhairt ar aird;
(c) Doiciméid a sheirbheáil;
(d) Daoine a ghabháil nó a choinneáil;
(e) An cúisí a thabhairt suas don Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda nó a aistriú chuige,
cé nach iad sin amháin a bheidh i gceist.
Airteagal 29
Stádas, pribhléidí agus díolúintí an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda
1. Beidh feidhm ag an gCoinbhinsiún ar Phribhléidí agus ar Dhíolúintí na Náisiún Aontaithe den 13 Feabhra 1946 maidir leis an mBinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda, maidir leis na breithiúna, maidir leis an Ionchúisitheoir agus a fhoireann nó a foireann, agus maidir leis an gCláraitheoir agus a fhoireann nó a foireann.
2. Teachtfaidh na breithiúna, an tIonchúisitheoir agus an Cláraitheoir na pribhléidí agus na díolúintí, na saoirseachtaí agus na saoráidí a thugtar do thoscairí taidhleoireachta, de réir an dlí idirnáisiúnta.
3. Teachtfaidh foireann an Ionchúisitheora agus an Chláraitheora na pribhléidí agus na díolúintí a thugtar d'oifigigh de chuid na Náisiún Aontaithe faoi airteagail V agus VII den Choinbhinsiún dá dtagraítear i mír 1 den airteagal seo.
4. Cuirfear cibé cóir is gá ar mhaithe le feidhmiú cuí an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda ar dhaoine eile, lena n-áirítear an cúisí, a gceanglaítear orthu a bheith ag suíomh nó ag áit chruinnithe an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda.
Airteagal 30
Caiteachais an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda
Beidh caiteachais an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda ina gcaiteachais de chuid na hEagraíochta de réir Airteagal 17 de Chairt na Náisiún Aontaithe.
Airteagal 31
Teangacha oibre
Is iad Béarla agus Fraincis teangacha oibre an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta.
Airteagal 32
Tuarascáil bhliantúil
Déanfaidh Uachtarán an Bhinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda tuarascáil bhliantúil ón mBinse Idirnáisiúnta do Ruanda a chur faoi bhráid na Comhairle Slándála agus an Chomhthionóil Ghinearálta.
Number 40 of 1998
INTERNATIONAL WAR CRIMES TRIBUNALS ACT, 1998
ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
Preliminary
Section | |
Arrest and Surrender of Persons
If custodial sentence imposed under Irish law is not completed before release. | |
If custodial sentence imposed under Irish law is not completed before surrender. | |
Proceedings in Irish Courts or Tribunals
Discontinuance of proceedings at international tribunal's request. |
Other Forms of Assistance
Status, privileges and immunities of international tribunal. | |
Miscellaneous
Resolution 827 (1993) Adopted by the Security Council of the United Nations
Resolution 955 (1994) Adopted by the Security Council of the United Nations
Statute of the Former Yugoslavia Tribunal
Statute of the Rwanda Tribunal
Acts Referred to | |
1960, No. 27 | |
1994, No. 15 | |
1976, No. 32 | |
Extradition Acts, 1965 to 1994 | |
1996, No. 30 | |
Number 40 of 1998
INTERNATIONAL WAR CRIMES TRIBUNALS ACT, 1998
PART I
Preliminary
Short title.
1.—This Act may be cited as the International War Crimes Tribunals Act, 1998.
Interpretation.
2.—(1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires—
“certified”, in relation to a copy of a warrant of arrest issued by an international tribunal, means certified to be a true copy by an officer of that tribunal authorised by it to certify on its behalf;
“an international tribunal” means—
(a) the International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991 established by Resolution 827 (1993) of the Security Council of the United Nations, the text of which is set out, for convenience of reference, in the First Schedule,
(b) the International Criminal Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Genocide and Other Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of Rwanda and Rwandan citizens responsible for genocide and other such violations committed in the territory of neighbouring states between 1 January, 1994 and 31 December, 1994, established by Resolution 955 (1994) of the Security Council of the United Nations, the text of which is set out, for convenience of reference, in the Second Schedule, or
(c) any other tribunal or court that the Minister, by regulation under section 37, declares to be an international tribunal for the purposes of this Act,
and includes any organ of a tribunal referred to in paragraph (a) or (b) or of a tribunal or court referred to in paragraph (c) if the organ is mentioned in the statute of that tribunal or court;
“international tribunal crime” means a crime in respect of which an international tribunal has jurisdiction under its statute;
“military tribunal” means a court martial or other military tribunal established under the law of the State, whether held within the State or elsewhere;
“Minister” means the Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform;
“property” has the same meaning in this Act as in the Proceeds of Crime Act, 1996, and includes the proceeds of property;
“provisional arrest warrant” means a warrant issued under section 11 (1);
“remand institution” means an institution (other than a prison) within the meaning of the Criminal Justice Act, 1960;
“surrender order” means an order made under section 18 (1) for the surrender of a person.
(2) In this Act—
(a) a reference to a section or Part is to a section or Part of this Act unless it is indicated that a reference to some other enactment is intended,
(b) a reference to a subsection, paragraph or subparagraph is to a subsection, paragraph or subparagraph of the provision in which the reference occurs unless it is indicated that a reference to some other provision is intended,
(c) a reference to a Schedule is to a Schedule to this Act unless it is indicated that a reference to some other enactment is intended,
(d) a reference to an enactment is to that enactment as amended or adapted by or under any other enactment including this Act,
(e) a reference to the statute of an international tribunal is to the statute of the United Nations establishing that tribunal, and
(f) a reference to the rules of an international tribunal is to its rules of procedure and evidence.
(3) For convenience of reference, the texts of the statutes of the international tribunals referred to in paragraphs (a) and (b) of the definition of “international tribunal” are set out in the Third and Fourth Schedules respectively.
Application.
3.—This Act applies in relation to international tribunal crimes committed, or alleged to have been committed, before or after the commencement of this Act.
PART II
Arrest and Surrender of Persons
Construction of this Part.
4.—(1) Nothing in this Part shall be construed as requiring the High Court to be satisfied that there is sufficient evidence to warrant the trial of a person by an international tribunal.
(2) For the purposes of this Part, no international tribunal crime may be regarded as a political offence or an offence connected with a political offence.
(3) No application for asylum in the State shall have the effect of preventing or postponing the surrender of a person under this Act.
Request for surrender.
5.—(1) An international tribunal may make a request to the Minister for the surrender of a person—
(a) who has been accused or convicted by that tribunal of an international tribunal crime, and
(b) in relation to whom that tribunal has issued a warrant of arrest for the purpose of bringing him or her before the tribunal or to a place where he or she is to undergo imprisonment under a sentence of the tribunal.
(2) The request shall be in writing and shall—
(a) include as accurate a description as possible of the person whose surrender is requested, together with any other information which will help to establish his or her identity,
(b) include a statement of each international tribunal crime in relation to which the request is made specifying, as accurately as possible—
(i) the time and place of commission,
(ii) the legal description of the crime, and
(iii) a reference to the relevant provisions of the statute of that tribunal, and
(c) be supported by the original or a certified copy of a warrant of arrest that has been issued by that tribunal and that indicates the purpose of the arrest.
(3) If the information furnished by the international tribunal is in the Minister's opinion insufficient, the Minister may—
(a) request that tribunal to furnish further information or documents as he or she thinks proper, and
(b) fix a time limit for the receipt of the information or documents.
(4) A request or supporting document which otherwise complies with this section is sufficient for the purposes of this Part even though the Minister received the request or supporting document before the commencement of this Act.
Conflicting surrender requests.
6.—If two or more requests for the surrender of the same person are received concurrently from international tribunals, the Minister shall decide which of the requests is to be proceeded with under this Part, having regard to all the circumstances and especially—
(a) the relative seriousness of the international tribunal crimes, and
(b) the respective dates of the requests.
Request for extradition or rendition of same person.
7.—A request by an international tribunal for the surrender of a person shall have primacy over—
(a) a request under Part II of the Extradition Acts, 1965 to 1994 for his or her extradition for an offence, and
(b) the bringing of any proceedings under Part III of the Extradition Acts, 1965 to 1994, for his or her arrest or delivery up for an offence,
whether or not the conduct constituting the offence constitutes and international tribunal crime.
Certification of surrender request.
8.—On receiving a request made in accordance with section 5 for the surrender of a person, the Minister shall, subject to the provisions of this Part, certify that the request has been made.
Issue of arrest warrant.
9.—On production to the High Court of a certificate under section 8 stating that a request for the surrender of a person has been made, the Court shall issue a warrant for the person's arrest, unless the certificate is produced in respect of a person arrested under a provisional arrest warrant.
Request for provisional arrest.
10.—(1) An international tribunal may make a request for the provisional arrest, on grounds of urgency, of a person who—
(a) is accused by it of having committed an international tribunal crime,
(b) has been convicted by it of such a crime, or
(c) is suspected by it of having committed such a crime.
(2) The request shall be in writing and shall include—
(a) as accurate a description as possible of the person who is the subject of the request, together with any other information which will help to establish his or her identity, and
(b) a statement of each international tribunal crime in relation to which the request is made, specifying, as accurately as possible, the time and place of the commission of the crime.
(3) Where the Minister subsequently receives from an international tribunal that has made a request under this section the original or a certified copy of a warrant of arrest indicating—
(a) that the person who is the subject of the request under this section has been accused or convicted by that tribunal of an international tribunal crime, and
(b) the purpose of the arrest,
the request under this section shall be treated for the purposes of this Part as though it were a request for that person's surrender.
(4) Subsection (3) shall apply even though the person was accused or convicted of the international tribunal crime after the making of the request under this section.
(5) A request treated by virtue of subsection (3) as a request for the surrender of a person shall not be certified under section 8 until the Minister receives from the international tribunal—
(a) the information referred to in section 5(2)(b)(ii) and (iii), and
(b) any information or documents requested under section 5(3) in relation to that person.
Provisional arrest warrant.
11.—(1) The High Court may, without a certificate of the Minister under section 8, issue a warrant for the provisional arrest of any person on the sworn information of a member of the Garda Síochána, not below the rank of inspector, that he or she has reason to believe that—
(a) an international tribunal has made a request for the person's provisional arrest on the grounds of urgency,
(b) the person—
(i) is accused by that tribunal of having committed an international tribunal crime,
(ii) has been convicted by that tribunal of such a crime, or
(iii) is suspected by that tribunal of having committed such a crime,
and
(c) the arrest is for the purpose of detaining the person pending the Minister receiving from that tribunal a warrant for the person's arrest.
(2) On issuing a provisional arrest warrant, the High Court shall forthwith inform the Minister of its issue.
(3) Where it appears to the Minister that a warrant of arrest will not be received from the international tribunal in respect of the person named in the provisional arrest warrant or that proceedings will not be commenced against that person by that tribunal, the Minister may, by order—
(a) cancel the provisional arrest warrant, and
(b) if the warrant has been executed and the person arrested under it is in custody, require that he or she be released.
(4) A provisional arrest warrant may be issued under subsection (1) in respect of a person despite the previous issue or refusal of a warrant for his or her arrest.
Execution of warrants.
12.—(1) Any member of the Garda Síochána may execute in any part of the State a warrant issued under section 9 or 11(1) even though the warrant is not in the member's possession at the time.
(2) A member of the Garda Síochána who executes a warrant issued under section 9 or 11(1) shall—
(a) at the time of the arrest, or
(b) if the warrant is not then in the member's possession, within 24 hours after the arrest,
show the warrant to the person arrested and give him or her a copy.
(3) A person arrested under a warrant issued under section 9 or 11(1) shall be brought as soon as may be before the High Court, unless, in the case of a warrant issued under section 11(1), the warrant is cancelled under section 11(3)
Court proceedings following provisional arrest.
13.—(1) Where a person arrested under a provisional arrest warrant is brought before the High Court, it shall—
(a) if a certificate under section 8 in respect of the person is produced to the Court, proceed under section 14 as if that person had been arrested under a warrant issued under section 9, and
(b) if that certificate is not produced to the Court, remand that person pending the production of the certificate or the release of that person in accordance with subsection (2) of this section or with an order under section 11(3)(b).
(2) Where a certificate under section 8 is not produced to the High Court within the period of 18 days after the date of the arrest, the person arrested under the provisional arrest warrant shall, if in custody, be released.
Committal or release of arrested person.
14.—(1) Where a person who has been arrested under a warrant issued under section 9 or who has been remanded under section 13(1)(b) is before the High Court and it is satisfied that—
(a) that person has been accused or convicted of an international tribunal crime,
(b) a request for the surrender of that person has been duly made, and
(c) a warrant that complies with section 5(2)(c) or 10(3) and relates to that person has been produced,
the High Court shall, subject to subsection (2), make an order committing that person to a prison (or, if he or she is not more than 21 years of age, to a remand institution) there to await the order of the Minister for his or her surrender.
(2) If satisfied that the surrender of a person is prohibited under section 26, the High Court shall not make a committal order in respect of that person.
(3) On making a committal order under subsection (1), the High Court shall—
(a) inform the person to whom the order relates that he or she will not be surrendered, except with his or her consent, until the expiry of 15 days after the committal date,
(b) inform that person also of the provisions of Article 40.4.2° of the Constitution (which relates to the making of a complaint to the High Court by or on behalf of a person alleging that he or she is unlawfully detained), and
(c) cause a certificate of the committal to be sent forthwith to the Minister.
(4) Where the person referred to in subsection (1) is not committed under that subsection, the Court shall order that he or she be released.
(5) No appeal shall lie against an order of the High Court under this section other than an appeal on a point of law to the Supreme Court.
(6) Sections 10 and 11 of the Criminal Justice Act, 1960, shall apply to a person committed to a remand institution under this section.
Powers of adjournment and remand.
15.—The High Court may, in relation to a person brought before it under this Act, exercise all of its powers of adjournment and remand, including, but not limited to, the powers the Court has in relation to a person sent forward to it for trial.
Evidence and presumptions.
16.—(1) In any proceedings under this Act, a document purporting—
(a) to be a request by an international tribunal for the surrender of a person or for the provisional arrest of a person, or
(b) to have been furnished by an international tribunal in support of either request,
shall, without further proof, be received in evidence if it purports to be signed by an officer of that tribunal authorised by its statute or rules to sign that document.
(2) In any proceedings under this Act, a document purporting—
(a) to be a copy of a warrant of arrest issued by an international tribunal, and
(b) to have been certified to be a true copy by an officer of that tribunal authorised by it to certify on its behalf,
shall, without further proof, be received in evidence and shall, until the contrary is proved, be deemed to be a true copy of that warrant.
(3) In any proceedings under this Act, it shall be presumed, unless the contrary is proved, that a request for the surrender of a person has been duly made and duly received where—
(a) the person has been arrested under a warrant issued under section 9, or
(b) the person has been arrested under a provisional arrest warrant and a certificate under section 8 has been produced to the High Court stating that a request for the surrender of the person has been duly made.
(4) In any proceedings under this Act, it shall be presumed, unless the contrary is proved, that where a member of the Garda Síochána not below the rank of inspector has sworn an information described in section 11(1) in respect of a person, a request for the person's provisional arrest has been duly made and duly received.
(5) In any proceedings under this Act, it shall be presumed, unless the contrary is proved, that where a certificate of the Minister has been produced to the High Court stating that an international tribunal has satisfied the Minister as to the matters specified in subparagraphs (i) and (ii) of section 26(2)(b) in relation to a person who is named in the certificate and on whom final judgment was passed in another state, that the Minister has been so satisfied.
Removal to hospital or other place.
17.—(1) The Minister may, by order, cause a person committed under section 14 to be removed to a hospital or other place if the Minister thinks it necessary so to do in the interests of that person's health.
(2) A person removed under this section to a hospital or other place shall be in lawful custody while detained there.
Surrender order.
18.—(1) Subject to subsection (4) and section 19, the Minister may, by order, direct that a person who has been committed under section 14 and who has not been released—
(a) by a decision of the High Court under Article 40.4.2° of the Constitution or following an appeal from such a decision,
(b) as a consequence of an appeal on a point of law to the Supreme Court, or
(c) as a consequence of an order under section 21 or 22,
be surrendered to the custody of an authorised person.
(2) A person in respect of whom a surrender order is made shall be surrendered in accordance with the terms of the order and any authorised person may receive, hold in custody, and convey out of the State the person so surrendered.
(3) A person who escapes from any custody in which he or she has been placed under a surrender order shall be liable to be retaken in the same manner as any person who escapes from lawful custody.
(4) The Minister shall not make a surrender order in respect of a person who is subject to a sentence of a court in the State where—
(a) the international tribunal that requested the surrender has been required by the Minister to give undertakings relating to that person's return to the State for the purpose of serving that sentence, and
(b) the Minister is not satisfied that adequate undertakings have been given.
(5) In this section “authorised person” means a person who, in the Minister's opinion, has been duly authorised by one of the following to receive the person referred to in subsection (1):
(a) the international tribunal that requested the surrender of the person referred to in subsection (1);
(b) a state in which the person referred to in subsection (1) is to undergo imprisonment for an international tribunal crime.
Time lapse before surrender.
19.—(1) A person committed under section 14 shall not, except with his or her consent given before the High Court, be surrendered to an international tribunal or to the state where the person is to undergo imprisonment until—
(a) the expiry of 15 days from the committal date, or
(b) the conclusion of any appeal proceedings brought by or on behalf of that person,
whichever is later.
(2) Where the Minister, under section 20, postpones making a surrender order in respect of a person committed under section 14, that person shall not be surrendered until the expiry of—
(a) the period provided for in subsection (1), or
(b) the period of postponement under section 20,
whichever is later.
(3) In this section “appeal proceedings” means proceedings relating to—
(a) a complaint under Article 40.4.2° of the Constitution (including proceedings on appeal from a decision about that complaint), or
(b) an appeal on a point of law to the Supreme Court.
Postponement of surrender order.
20.—(1) The Minister may postpone for a period the making of a surrender order in respect of a person so that other criminal proceedings against him or her may proceed in the State in so far as they relate to conduct that would not constitute an international tribunal crime.
(2) In deciding whether to postpone for a period the making of a surrender order, the Minister shall have regard to the seriousness of the offence to which the other criminal proceedings relate.
(3) In this section, “other criminal proceedings” does not include proceedings under Part II or III of the Extradition Acts, 1965 to 1994.
Release if not conveyed out of State.
21.—(1) An application may be made to the High Court for the release of a person who is awaiting surrender under this Act and who is not surrendered and conveyed out of the State within one month after—
(a) the date of that person's committal under section 14, or
(b) the conclusion of any appeal proceedings (as defined in section 19(3)) brought by or on behalf of that person,
whichever is later.
(2) If satisfied that the application has been made by or on behalf of a person referred to in subsection (1) and that the Minister has been given reasonable notice of the application, the High Court shall, subject to subsection (3) and section 20, order that he or she be released from custody under this Act.
(3) If satisfied as to the matters specified in subsection (2) and satisfied that—
(a) the person's state of health or other circumstances beyond the control of the State or the international tribunal have prevented him or her from being conveyed out of the State, and
(b) it is likely that within a reasonable time those circumstances will no longer prevent that person's conveyance out of the State,
the High Court may fix a period within which that person may be surrendered and he or she shall be released from custody under this Act if not conveyed out of the State within that period.
Release by order of the Minister.
22.—(1) On being satisfied by information received after the committal of a person under section 14 that his or her surrender is prohibited by this Act, the Minister shall order that the person be released from custody.
(2) The Minister may order that a person committed under section 14 be released from custody if the Minister is of the opinion that a request for the person's surrender is not being proceeded with.
Release does not affect subsequent request.
23.—The release of a person under section 11(3)(b), 13(2), 21 or 22 shall not prejudice the person's re-arrest and surrender if a request for his or her surrender is afterwards made.
If custodial sentence imposed under Irish law is not completed before release.
24.—Where under this Act the High Court or the Minister orders the release of a person who is subject to a sentence of a court in the State for an offence against the law of the State—
(a) that person shall continue to be liable to complete the term of imprisonment to which he or she has been sentenced by the court in the State, and
(b) if that sentence has not expired, that person shall be transferred in custody to the place where he or she is liable to be imprisoned under that sentence.
If custodial sentence imposed under Irish law is not completed before surrender.
25.—(1) Where a person who is subject to both a surrender order and a sentence of a court in the State is delivered up into the custody of—
(a) an international tribunal, or
(b) a state where he or she is to undergo imprisonment under a sentence of an international tribunal,
that person shall continue to be liable to complete any term of imprisonment to which he or she has been sentenced by the court in the State.
(2) Where a surrender order is made in respect of a person who is subject to a sentence of a court in the State, the surrender order may include—
(a) a provision authorising the return of that person to the State—
(i) in accordance with arrangements made by the Minister with the international tribunal that requested the person's surrender, or
(ii) if the person is being surrendered to undergo imprisonment in a state under a sentence of an international tribunal, in accordance with arrangements made by the Minister with that state,
and
(b) a provision for the person's transfer in custody to the place where he or she is liable to be imprisoned or detained under the sentence of the court in the State.
If judgment has already been passed for the same conduct.
26.—(1) Subject to subsection (2), a person shall not be surrendered under this Act where—
(a) final judgment has been passed in the State or in another state on that person in respect of an offence, and
(b) the conduct constituting the offence also constitutes the international tribunal crime for which his or her surrender is requested.
(2) The surrender of a person is not prohibited by this section where—
(a) the final judgment was passed in another state by a court or a tribunal other than a military tribunal established under the law of the State, and
(b) the international tribunal requesting the surrender satisfies the Minister—
(i) that the proceedings in the other state were not impartial or independent or were designed to shield the person from international criminal responsibility, or
(ii) that the case was not diligently prosecuted.
PART III
Proceedings in Irish Courts or Tribunals
International tribunal's jurisdiction to be considered.
27.—The Director of Public Prosecutions shall take into account the jurisdiction of any international tribunal before deciding to commence proceedings under the State's extra-territorial jurisdiction in respect of conduct constituting an international tribunal crime.
Discontinuance of proceedings at international tribunal's request.
28.—(1) The Minister shall transmit to the High Court any request made to him or her by an international tribunal, in accordance with its statute and rules, that any court in the State or any military tribunal defer to the international tribunal's competence by discontinuing proceedings commenced in that court or military tribunal.
(2) After receiving the request, the High Court may order the discontinuance of the proceedings if it is satisfied—
(a) that the request relates to proceedings under the Extradition Acts, 1965 to 1994,
(b) that the request relates to proceedings commenced in a court in the State under the State's extra-territorial jurisdiction in connection with an indictable offence of which the accused has not yet been convicted and that the conduct constituting the indictable offence also constitutes an international tribunal crime, or
(c) that the request relates to proceedings commenced in a military tribunal under the State's extra-territorial jurisdiction in connection with an offence of which the accused has not yet been convicted and that the conduct constituting the offence also constitutes an international tribunal crime.
(3) Where it orders that proceedings be discontinued, the High Court may make such other orders as are appropriate to give effect to the request, including the revocation of any warrant of arrest issued in connection with the proceedings.
(4) For the purpose of considering a request received under this section, the High Court may order the adjournment of the proceedings for such period or periods, and on such conditions, as it thinks fit.
(5) The discontinuance of any proceedings under this section shall not of itself prevent—
(a) the commencement of fresh proceedings in a court in the State, or a military tribunal, for the same offence, or
(b) the re-commencement of proceedings under the Extradition Acts, 1965 to 1994, for the same offence.
PART IV
Other Forms of Assistance
Orders to make material available.
29.—For the purpose of assisting an international tribunal in an investigation into whether a person has committed an international tribunal crime or has benefited from such a crime, section 63 of the Criminal Justice Act, 1994, shall have effect as if references in that section to drug trafficking included references to conduct constituting an international tribunal crime.
Search warrants.
30.—(1) In response to a request from an international tribunal, the Minister may direct that an application to the District Court for a search warrant be made by a member of the Garda Síochána not below the rank of superintendent in connection with an international tribunal crime under investigation by that tribunal.
(2) A judge of the District Court who, on application in accordance with a direction under subsection (1), is satisfied that there are reasonable grounds for believing that there is in any place evidence relating to the commission of the international tribunal crime shall have the same power to issue a search warrant authorising entry, search and seizure in relation to that place as the judge would have in the case of an offence committed in the State and in respect of which similar powers are exercisable by the judge.
(3) The restriction in section 9(2) of the Criminal Law Act, 1976, on the seizure or retention of any document that was, or may have been, made for the purposes of obtaining, giving, or communicating legal advice shall apply to a member of the Garda Síochána who conducts a search under this section.
(4) A member of the Garda Síochána who seizes any evidence by virtue of this section shall provide to the Minister, for transmission to the international tribunal concerned—
(a) the seized evidence, and
(b) any certificate, affidavit or other verifying document that is necessary for the purposes of complying with the request and that may be specified in the direction given under subsection (1).
(5) If the seized evidence consists of a document, the original or a copy of the document shall be transmitted to the international tribunal that made the request.
(6) If the seized evidence consists of any article other than a document, the article itself or a description, photograph or other representation of it shall be transmitted to the international tribunal as may be necessary to comply with its request.
(7) In this section “evidence” includes documents and other articles.
Orders respecting property.
31.—(1) The Minister shall transmit to the Commissioner of the Garda Síochána any order received by the Minister from an international tribunal—
(a) for provisional measures for the preservation and protection of property, or
(b) for the restitution of property unlawfully taken by a person convicted of an international tribunal crime.
(2) Where, on application by a member of the Garda Síochána not below the rank of Chief Superintendent, the High Court is satisfied that—
(a) an international tribunal order referred to in subsection (1)(a) has been received by the Minister, and
(b) at the time of making the interim order under this subsection the international tribunal order is in force and is not subject to appeal,
the Court, for the purposes of the preservation and protection of the property to which the international tribunal order relates, may, regardless of the value of the property but subject to subsection (5), make an interim order containing any terms that, under section 2(1) and (2) of the Proceeds of Crime Act, 1996, could be included in an interim order made under that Act if the value of the property were not less than £10,000.
(3) For the purposes mentioned in subsection (2) of this section, sections 2(3) to (6), 3(1) to (6), 5, 6, 7, 8 and 10 to 16 of the Proceeds of Crime Act, 1996, shall apply with the following modifications and any other necessary modifications, as if an application made under this section had been made under that Act:
(a) a reference in any of those sections to the applicant shall be construed as referring to the member of the Garda Síochána who has applied to the court for an interim order under this section or for an interlocutory order under section 3 of that Act as applied by this section;
(b) a reference in any of those sections to proceeds of crime shall be construed as referring to property that is the subject of the international tribunal order;
(c) a reference in any of those sections to a disposal order shall be construed as referring to a restitution order under this section;
(d) a reference in any of those sections to the Minister shall be construed as referring to the Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform;
(e) a reference in section 2(5) or 3(5) of that Act to subsections (3) and (4) of the section in which the reference occurs shall be construed as including a reference to subsection (6) of this section;
(f) sections 2(3)(b), 3(1)(b) and 3(1)(II) of that Act shall not apply;
(g) section 8(1) of that Act shall be construed as if it did not contain the words after subparagraph (ii) and before “then”.
(4) Where, on application by a member of the Garda Síochána not below the rank of Chief Superintendent, the High Court is satisfied that—
(a) an international tribunal order referred to in subsection (1)(b) has been received by the Minister,
(b) at the time of making of the order under this subsection the international tribunal order is in force and is not subject to appeal,
(c) the international tribunal order has not been complied with in whole or in part, and
(d) notice of the application for an order under this subsection has been given to the person in respect of whom that application has been made and to any other person the Court may direct,
the Court may, subject to subsection (5), make an order (“a restitution order”) that the property be transferred to the person specified in the international tribunal order.
(5) Where it is shown that on the date on which an international tribunal order referred to in subsection (1)(a) or (b) was received by the Minister it had been partly complied with, the High Court shall make an order under this section only in so far as the international tribunal order had not been complied with by that date.
(6) Where, after the date on which a court order is made under this section or under the Proceeds of Crime Act, 1996, as applied by this Act, it is shown that the international tribunal order to which the court order relates had been partly or wholly complied with by that date, the High Court may vary or discharge the court order accordingly with effect from that date.
(7) On receiving from the Minister an order of an international tribunal suspending the enforcement of an international tribunal order for the restitution of property, the High Court shall, by order, suspend, for the same period and under the same conditions that are stated in the suspending order of that tribunal, the execution of any court order made under subsection (4) in relation to the international tribunal order.
(8) While a suspending order made under subsection (7) remains in force, no steps shall be taken to enforce the order suspended by the High Court.
(9) On receiving a request from an international tribunal to determine the ownership of property, the Minister may make an application to the High Court for a decision as to the ownership of the property.
Status, privileges and immunities of international tribunal.
32.—(1) The Government may, by order, make provision for the privileges, immunities, exemptions and facilities to be accorded by the State to—
(a) the judges, prosecutors and registrars of an international tribunal and their staff, and
(b) any persons, including witnesses, and counsel, who make statements or submit documents or other evidence to or before an international tribunal.
(2) Section 37(3) shall apply to orders made under this section as it applies to regulations made under section 37(1)(c) to (g).
(3) The Government may, by order, revoke or amend an order made under this section, including an order under this subsection.
Transit through the State.
33.—(1) For the purposes of assisting an international tribunal in the performance of its functions, the Minister may—
(a) grant approval for the transit through the State of a person who is being transported in custody from one state to another for the purposes of that tribunal,
(b) attach to the approval any conditions he or she considers necessary, and
(c) arrange for the Garda Síochána to supervise the person's transit through the State.
(2) A person whose transit through the State is approved under subsection (1) shall be deemed to be in the custody of any member of the Garda Síochána accompanying him or her pursuant to an arrangement made under subsection (1)(c).
Act not to limit provision of other assistance.
34.—Nothing in this Act shall be construed as preventing the provision of assistance to an international tribunal otherwise than under this Act.
PART V
Miscellaneous
Offence.
35.—(1) A person who interferes with or intimidates or attempts to interfere with or intimidate an international tribunal witness shall be guilty of an offence.
(2) A person guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable—
(a) on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding £1,500 or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or both, or
(b) on conviction on indictment, to a fine not exceeding £10,000 or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years or both.
(3) In this section “international tribunal witness” includes a person—
(a) who is summoned to appear before an international tribunal and who, at the time of the act constituting the offence under this section, is within the State, or
(b) from whom evidence is to be taken in the State or by whom documents or other articles are to be produced in the State for transmission to an international tribunal.
Expenses.
36.—The expenses incurred in the administration of this Act shall, to such extent as may be sanctioned by the Minister for Finance, be paid out of moneys provided by the Oireachtas.
Power to make regulations.
37.—(1) The Minister may make regulations for any or all of the following purposes:
(a) declaring any tribunal or court established by the United Nations for the prosecution of persons responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law committed outside the State to be an international tribunal for the purposes of this Act;
(b) adapting or modifying any provision of this Act to resolve any difficulty that arises in applying that provision to a tribunal or court declared under this section to be an international tribunal;
(c) providing for assistance to an international tribunal in response to a request for the taking of evidence or the production of documents or other articles;
(d) providing, for the purposes of their admission in evidence in any proceedings under Part IV, for proof of orders, certificates and other documents of an international tribunal and for proof of translations of those documents;
(e) providing for the retention, preservation and protection of documents or other articles seized under section 30 and for their return to the person from whom they were seized or for their disposal;
(f) declaring that specified provisions of the Criminal Justice Act, 1994, shall apply for the purposes of enabling the State to co-operate with an international tribunal and providing for any modifications to those provisions that the Minister considers necessary for that purpose;
(g) providing for any other matter considered necessary or expedient for giving full effect to this Act.
(2) Where it is proposed to make regulations under paragraph (a) or (b) of subsection (1), a draft of the regulations shall be laid before each House of the Oireachtas and the regulations shall not be made until a resolution approving of the draft has been passed by both Houses.
(3) Where regulations are made under any of paragraphs (c) to (g) of subsection (1)—
(a) they shall be laid before each House of the Oireachtas as soon as may be after they are made, and
(b) if a resolution annulling them is passed by either House within the next 21 days on which that House has sat after the regulations are laid before it, they shall be annulled accordingly but without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done thereunder.
Repeal.
38.—Section 56 of the Criminal Justice Act, 1994, is hereby repealed.
FIRST SCHEDULE
Resolution 827 (1993)
Adopted by the Security Council at its 3217th meeting, on 25 May 1993
The Security Council,
Reaffirming its resolution 713 (1991) of 25 September 1991 and all subsequent relevant resolutions,
Having considered the report of the Secretary-General (S/25704 and Add. 1) pursuant to paragraph 2 of the resolution 808 (1993),
Expressing once again its grave alarm at continuing reports of widespread and flagrant violations of international humanitarian law occurring within the territory of the former Yugoslavia, and especially in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, including reports of mass killings, massive, organized and systematic detention and rape of women, and the continuance of the practice of “ethnic cleansing”, including for the acquisition and the holding of territory,
Determining that this situation continues to constitute a threat to international peace and security,
Determined to put an end to such crimes and to take effective measures to bring to justice the persons who are responsible for them,
Convinced that in the particular circumstances of the former Yugoslavia the establishment as an ad hoc measure by the Council of an international tribunal and the prosecution of persons responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law would enable this aim to be achieved and would contribute to the restoration and maintenance of peace,
Believing that the establishment of an international tribunal and the prosecution of persons responsible for the above-mentioned violations of international humanitarian law will contribute to ensuring that such violations are halted and effectively redressed,
Noting in this regard the recommendation by the Co-Chairmen of the Steering Committee of the International Conference on the Former Yugoslavia for the establishment of such a tribunal (S/25221),
Reaffirming in this regard its decision in resolution 808 (1993) that an international tribunal shall be established for the prosecution of persons responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in the territory of the former Yugoslavia since 1991,
Considering that, pending the appointment of the Prosecutor of the International Tribunal, the Commission of Experts established pursuant to resolution 780 (1992) should continue on an urgent basis the collection of information relating to evidence of grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions and other violations of international humanitarian law as proposed in its interim report (S/25274),
Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
1. Approves the report of the Secretary-General;
2. Decides hereby to establish an international tribunal for the sole purpose of prosecuting persons responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in the territory of the former Yugoslavia between 1 January 1991 and a date to be determined by the Security Council upon the restoration of peace and to this end to adopt the Statute of the International Tribunal annexed to the above-mentioned report;
3. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the judges of the International Tribunal, upon their election, any suggestions received from States for the rules of procedure and evidence called for in Article 15 of the Statute of the International Tribunal;
4. Decides that all States shall cooperate fully with the International Tribunal and its organs in accordance with the present resolution and the Statute of the International Tribunal and that consequently all States shall take any measures necessary under their domestic law to implement the provisions of the present resolution and the Statute, including the obligation of States to comply with requests for assistance or orders issued by a Trial Chamber under Article 29 of the Statute;
5. Urges States and intergovernmental and non-governmental organisations to contribute funds, equipment and services to the International Tribunal, including the offer of expert personnel;
6. Decides that the determination of the seat of the International Tribunal is subject to the conclusion of appropriate arrangements between the United Nations and the Netherlands acceptable to the Council, and that the International Tribunal may sit elsewhere when it considers it necessary for the efficient exercise of its functions;
7. Decides also that the work of the International Tribunal shall be carried out without prejudice to the right of the victims to seek, through appropriate means, compensation for damages incurred as a result of violations of international humanitarian law;
8. Requests the Secretary-General to implement urgently the present resolution and in particular to make practical arrangements for the effective functioning of the International Tribunal at the earliest time and to report periodically to the Council;
9. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.
SECOND SCHEDULE
Resolution 955 (1994)
Adopted by the Security Council at its 3453rd meeting, on 8 November 1994
The Security Council,
Reaffirming all its previous resolutions on the situation in Rwanda,
Having considered the reports of the Secretary-General pursuant to paragraph 3 of resolution 935 (1994) of 1 July 1994 (S/1994/879 and S/1994/906), and having taken note of the reports of the Special Rapporteur for Rwanda of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights (S/1994/1157, annex I and annex II),
Expressing appreciation for the work of the Commission of Experts established pursuant to resolution 935 (1994), in particular its preliminary report on violations of international humanitarian law in Rwanda transmitted by the Secretary-General's letter of 1 October 1994 (S/1994/1125),
Expressing once again its grave concern at the reports indicating that genocide and other systematic, widespread and flagrant violations of international humanitarian law have been committed in Rwanda,
Determining that this situation continues to constitute a threat to international peace and security,
Determined to put an end to such crimes and to take effective measures to bring to justice the persons who are responsible for them,
Convinced that in the particular circumstances of Rwanda, the prosecution of persons responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law would enable this aim to be achieved and would contribute to the process of national reconciliation and to the restoration and maintenance of peace,
Believing that the establishment of an international tribunal for the prosecution of persons responsible for genocide and the other above-mentioned violations of international humanitarian law will contribute to ensuring that such violations are halted and effectively redressed,
Stressing also the need for international cooperation to strengthen the courts and judicial system of Rwanda, having regard in particular to the necessity for those courts to deal with large numbers of suspects,
Considering that the Commission of Experts established pursuant to resolution 935 (1994) should continue on an urgent basis the collection of information relating to evidence of grave violations of international humanitarian law committed in the territory of Rwanda and should submit its final report to the Secretary-General by 30 November 1994,
Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
1. Decides hereby, having received the request of the Government of Rwanda (S/1994/1115), to establish an international tribunal for the sole purpose of prosecuting persons responsible for genocide and other serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in the territory of Rwanda and Rwandan citizens responsible for genocide and other such violations committed in the territory of neighbouring States, between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 1994 and to this end to adopt the Statute of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda annexed hereto;
2. Decides that all States shall cooperate fully with the International Tribunal and its organs in accordance with the present resolution and the Statute of the International Tribunal and that consequently all States shall take any measures necessary under their domestic law to implement the provisions of the present resolution and the Statute, including the obligation of States to comply with requests for assistance or orders issued by a Trial Chamber under Article 28 of the Statute, and requests States to keep the Secretary-General informed of such measures;
3. Considers that the Government of Rwanda should be notified prior to the taking of decisions under articles 26 and 27 of the Statute;
4. Urges States and intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations to contribute funds, equipment and services to the International Tribunal, including the offer of expert personnel;
5. Requests the Secretary-General to implement this resolution urgently and in particular to make practical arrangements for the effective functioning of the International Tribunal, including recommendations to the Council as to possible locations for the seat of the International Tribunal at the earliest time and to report periodically to the Council;
6. Decides that the seat of the International Tribunal shall be determined by the Council having regard to considerations of justice and fairness as well as administrative efficiency, including access to witnesses, and economy, and subject to the conclusion of appropriate arrangements between the United Nations and the State of the seat, acceptable to the Council, having regard to the fact that the International Tribunal may meet away from its seat when it considers it necessary for the efficient exercise of its functions; and decides that an office will be established and proceedings will be conducted in Rwanda, where feasible and appropriate, subject to the conclusion of similar appropriate arrangements;
7. Decides to consider increasing the number of judges and Trial Chambers of the International Tribunal if it becomes necessary;
8. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.
THIRD SCHEDULE
Statute of the Former Yugoslavia Tribunal
Having been established by the Security Council acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, the International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991 (hereinafter referred to as “the International Tribunal”) shall function in accordance with the provisions of the present Statute.
Article 1
Competence of the International Tribunal
The International Tribunal shall have the power to prosecute persons responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in the territory of the former Yugoslavia since 1991 in accordance with the provisions of the present Statute.
Article 2
Grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions of 1949
The International Tribunal shall have the power to prosecute persons committing or ordering to be committed grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, namely the following acts against persons or property protected under the provisions of the relevant Geneva Convention:
(a) wilful killing;
(b) torture or inhuman treatment, including biological experiments;
(c) wilfully causing great suffering or serious injury to body or health;
(d) extensive destruction and appropriation of property, not justified by military necessity and carried out unlawfully and wantonly;
(e) compelling a prisoner of war or a civilian to serve in the forces of a hostile power;
(f) wilfully depriving a prisoner of war or a civilian of the rights of fair and regular trial;
(g) unlawful deportation or transfer or unlawful confinement of a civilian;
(h) taking civilians as hostages.
Article 3
Violations of the laws or customs of war
The International Tribunal shall have the power to prosecute persons violating the laws or customs of war. Such violations shall include, but not be limited to:
(a) employment of poisonous weapons or other weapons calculated to cause unnecessary suffering;
(b) wanton destruction of cities, towns or villages, or devastation not justified by military necessity;
(c) attack, or bombardment, by whatever means, of undefended towns, villages, dwellings, or buildings;
(d) seizure of, destruction or wilful damage done to institutions dedicated to religion, charity and education, the arts and sciences, historic monuments and works of art and science;
(e) plunder of public or private property.
Article 4
Genocide
1. The International Tribunal shall have the power to prosecute persons committing genocide as defined in paragraph 2 of this article or of committing any of the other acts enumerated in paragraph 3 of this article.
2. Genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such:
(a) killing members of the group;
(b) causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;
(c) deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part;
(d) imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;
(e) forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.
3. The following acts shall be punishable:
(a) genocide;
(b) conspiracy to commit genocide;
(c) direct and public incitement to commit genocide;
(d) attempt to commit genocide;
(e) complicity in genocide.
Article 5
Crimes against humanity
The International Tribunal shall have the power to prosecute persons responsible for the following crimes when committed in armed conflict, whether international or internal in character, and directed against any civilian population:
(a) murder;
(b) extermination;
(c) enslavement;
(d) deportation;
(e) imprisonment;
(f) torture;
(g) rape;
(h) persecution on political, racial and religious grounds;
(i) other inhumane acts.
Article 6
Personal jurisdiction
The International Tribunal shall have jurisdiction over natural persons pursuant to the provisions of the present Statute.
Article 7
Individual criminal responsibility
1. A person who planned, instigated, ordered, committed or otherwise aided and abetted in the planning, preparation or execution of a crime referred to in articles 2 to 5 of the present Statute, shall be individually responsible for the crime.
2. The official position of any accused person, whether as Head of State or Government or as a responsible Government official, shall not relieve such person of criminal responsibility nor mitigate punishment.
3. The fact that any of the acts referred to in articles 2 to 5 of the present Statute was committed by a subordinate does not relieve his superior of criminal responsibility if he knew or had reason to know that the subordinate was about to commit such acts or had done so and the superior failed to take the necessary and reasonable measures to prevent such acts or to punish the perpetrators thereof.
4. The fact that an accused person acted pursuant to an order of a Government or of a superior shall not relieve him of criminal responsibility, but may be considered in mitigation of punishment if the International Tribunal determines that justice so requires.
Article 8
Territorial and temporal jurisdiction
The territorial jurisdiction of the International Tribunal shall extend to the territory of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, including its land surface, airspace and territorial waters. The temporal jurisdiction of the International Tribunal shall extend to a period beginning on 1 January 1991.
Article 9
Concurrent jurisdiction
1. The International Tribunal and national courts shall have concurrent jurisdiction to prosecute persons for serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in the territory of the former Yugoslavia since 1 January 1991.
2. The International Tribunal shall have primacy over national courts. At any stage of the procedure, the International Tribunal may formally request national courts to defer to the competence of the International Tribunal in accordance with the present Statute and the Rules of Procedure and Evidence of the International Tribunal.
Article 10
Non-bis-in-idem
1. No person shall be tried before a national court for acts constituting serious violations of international humanitarian law under the present Statute, for which he or she has already been tried by the International Tribunal.
2. A person who has been tried by a national court for acts constituting serious violations of international humanitarian law may be subsequently tried by the International Tribunal only if:
(a) the act for which he or she was tried was characterized as an ordinary crime; or
(b) the national court proceedings were not impartial or independent, were designed to shield the accused from international criminal responsibility, or the case was not diligently prosecuted.
3. In considering the penalty to be imposed on a person convicted of a crime under the present Statute, the International Tribunal shall take into account the extent to which any penalty imposed by a national court on the same person for the same act has already been served.
Article 11
Organization of the International Tribunal
The International Tribunal shall consist of the following organs:
(a) The Chambers, comprising two Trial Chambers and an Appeals Chamber;
(b) The Prosecutor, and
(c) A Registry, servicing both the Chambers and the Prosecutor.
Article 12
Composition of the Chambers
The Chambers shall be composed of eleven independent judges, no two of whom may be nationals of the same State, who shall serve as follows:
(a) Three judges shall serve in each of the Trial Chambers;
(b) Five judges shall serve in the Appeals Chamber.
Article 13
Qualifications and election of judges
1. The judges shall be persons of high moral character, impartiality and integrity who possess the qualifications required in their respective countries for appointment to the highest judicial offices. In the overall composition of the Chambers due account shall be taken of the experience of the judges in criminal law, international law, including international humanitarian law and human rights law.
2. The judges of the International Tribunal shall be elected by the General Assembly from a list submitted by the Security Council, in the following manner:
(a) The Secretary-General shall invite nominations for judges of the International Tribunal from States Members of the United Nations and non-member States maintaining permanent observer missions at United Nations Headquarters;
(b) Within sixty days of the date of the invitation of the Secretary-General, each State may nominate up to two candidates meeting the qualifications set out in paragraph 1 above, no two of whom shall be of the same nationality;
(c) The Secretary-General shall forward the nominations received to the Security Council. From the nominations received the Security Council shall establish a list of not less than twenty-two and not more than thirty-three candidates, taking due account of the adequate representation of the principal legal systems of the world;
(d) The President of the Security Council shall transmit the list of candidates to the President of the General Assembly. From that list the General Assembly shall elect the eleven judges of the International Tribunal. The candidates who receive an absolute majority of the votes of the States Members of the United Nations and of the non-Member States maintaining permanent observer missions at United Nations Headquarters, shall be declared elected. Should two candidates of the same nationality obtain the required majority vote, the one who received the higher number of votes shall be considered elected.
3. In the event of a vacancy in the Chambers, after consultation with the Presidents of the Security Council and of the General Assembly, the Secretary-General shall appoint a person meeting the qualifications of paragraph 1 above, for the remainder of the term of office concerned.
4. The judges shall be elected for a term of four years. The terms and conditions of service shall be those of the judges of the International Court of Justice. They shall be eligible for re-election.
Article 14
Officers and member of the Chambers
1. The judges of the International Tribunal shall elect a President.
2. The President of the International Tribunal shall be a member of the Appeals Chamber and shall preside over its proceedings.
3. After consultation with the judges of the International Tribunal, the President shall assign the judges to the Appeals Chamber and to the Trial Chambers. A judge shall serve only in the Chamber to which he or she was assigned.
4. The judges of each Trial Chamber shall elect a Presiding Judge, who shall conduct all of the proceedings of the Trial Chamber as a whole.
Article 15
Rules of procedure and evidence
The judges of the International Tribunal shall adopt rules of procedure and evidence for the conduct of the pre-trial phase of the proceedings, trials and appeals, the admission of evidence, the protection of victims and witnesses and other appropriate matters.
Article 16
The Prosecutor
1. The Prosecutor shall be responsible for the investigation and prosecution of persons responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in the territory of the former Yugoslavia since 1 January 1991.
2. The Prosecutor shall act independently as a separate organ of the International Tribunal. He or she shall not seek or receive instructions from any Government or from any other source.
3. The Office of the Prosecutor shall be composed of a Prosecutor and such other qualified staff as may be required.
4. The Prosecutor shall be appointed by the Security Council on nomination by the Secretary-General. He or she shall be of high moral character and possess the highest level of competence and experience in the conduct of investigations and prosecutions of criminal cases. The Prosecutor shall serve a four-year term and be eligible for reappointment. The terms and conditions of service of the Prosecutor shall be those of an Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations.
5. The staff of the Office of the Prosecutor shall be appointed by the Secretary-General on the recommendation of the Prosecutor.
Article 17
The Registry
1. The Registry shall be responsible for the administration and servicing of the International Tribunal.
2. The Registry shall consist of a Registrar and such other staff as may be required.
3. The Registrar shall be appointed by the Secretary-General after consultation with the President of the International Tribunal. He or she shall serve for a four-year term and be eligible for reappointment. The terms and conditions of service of the Registrar shall be those of an Assistant Secretary-General of the United Nations.
4. The staff of the Registry shall be appointed by the Secretary-General on the recommendation of the Registrar.
Article 18
Investigation and preparation of indictment
1. The Prosecutor shall initiate investigations ex-officio or on the basis of information obtained from any source, particularly from Governments, United Nations organs, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations. The Prosecutor shall assess the information received or obtained and decide whether there is sufficient basis to proceed.
2. The Prosecutor shall have the power to question suspects, victims and witnesses, to collect evidence and to conduct on-site investigations. In carrying out these tasks, the Prosecutor may, as appropriate, seek the assistance of the State authorities concerned.
3. If questioned, the suspect shall be entitled to be assisted by counsel of his own choice, including the right to have legal assistance assigned to him without payment by him in any such case if he does not have sufficient means to pay for it, as well as to necessary translation into and from a language he speaks and understands.
4. Upon a determination that a prima facie case exists, the Prosecutor shall prepare an indictment containing a concise statement of the facts and the crime or crimes with which the accused is charged under the Statute. The indictment shall be transmitted to a judge of the Trial Chamber.
Article 19
Review of the indictment
1. The judge of the Trial Chamber to whom the indictment has been transmitted shall review it. If satisfied that a prima facie case has been established by the Prosecutor, he shall confirm the indictment. If not so satisfied, the indictment shall be dismissed.
2. Upon confirmation of an indictment, the judge may, at the request of the prosecutor, issue such orders and warrants for the arrest, detention, surrender or transfer of persons, and any other orders as may be required for the conduct of the trial.
Article 20
Commencement and conduct of trial proceedings
1. The Trial Chambers shall ensure that a trial is fair and expeditious and that proceedings are conducted in accordance with the rules of procedure and evidence, with full respect for the rights of the accused and due regard for the protection of victims and witnesses.
2. A person against whom an indictment has been confirmed shall, pursuant to an order or an arrest warrant of the International Tribunal, be taken into custody, immediately informed of the charges against him and transferred to the International Tribunal.
3. The Trial Chamber shall read the indictment, satisfy itself that the rights of the accused are respected, confirm that the accused understands the indictment, and instruct the accused to enter a plea. The Trial Chamber shall then set the date for trial.
4. The hearings shall be public unless the Trial Chamber decides to close the proceedings in accordance with its rules of procedure and evidence.
Article 21
Rights of the accused
1. All persons shall be equal before the International Tribunal.
2. In the determination of charges against him, the accused shall be entitled to a fair and public hearing, subject to article 22 of the Statute.
3. The accused shall be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to the provisions of the present Statute.
4. In the determination of any charge against the accused pursuant to the present Statute, the accused shall be entitled to the following minimum guarantees, in full equality:
(a) to be informed promptly and in detail in a language which he understands of the nature and cause of the charge against him;
(b) to have adequate time and facilities for the preparation of his defence and to communicate with counsel of his own choosing;
(c) to be tried without undue delay;
(d) to be tried in his presence, and to defend himself in person or through legal assistance of his own choosing; to be informed, if he does not have legal assistance, of this right; and to have legal assistance assigned to him, in any case where the interests of justice so require, and without payment by him in any such case if he does not have sufficient means to pay for it;
(e) to examine, or have examined, the witnesses against him and to obtained the attendance and examination of witnesses on his behalf under the same conditions as witnesses against him;
(f) to have the free assistance of an interpreter if he cannot understand or speak the language used in the International Tribunal;
(g) not to be compelled to testify against himself or to confess guilt.
Article 22
Protection of victims and witnesses
The International Tribunal shall provide in its rules of procedure and evidence for the protection of victims and witnesses. Such protection measures shall include, but shall not be limited to, the conduct of in camera proceedings and the protection of the victim's identity.
Article 23
Judgement
1. The Trial Chambers shall pronounce judgements and impose sentences and penalties on persons convicted of serious violations of international humanitarian law.
2. The judgement shall be rendered by a majority of the judges of the Trial Chamber, and shall be delivered by the Trial Chamber in public. It shall be accompanied by a reasoned opinion in writing, to which separate or dissenting opinions may be appended.
Article 24
Penalties
1. The penalty imposed by the Trial Chamber shall be limited to imprisonment. In determining the terms of imprisonment, the Trial Chambers shall have recourse to the general practice regarding prison sentences in the courts of the former Yugoslavia.
2. In imposing the sentences, the Trial Chambers should take into account such factors as the gravity of the offence and the individual circumstances of the convicted person.
3. In addition to imprisonment, the Trial Chambers may order the return of any property and proceeds acquired by criminal conduct, including by means of duress, to their rightful owners.
Article 25
Appellate proceedings
1. The Appeals Chamber shall hear appeals from persons convicted by the Trial Chambers or from the Prosecutor on the following grounds:
(a) an error on a question of law invalidating the decision; or
(b) an error of fact which has occasioned a miscarriage of justice.
2. The Appeals Chamber may affirm, reverse or revise the decisions taken by the Trial Chambers.
Article 26
Review proceedings
Where a new fact has been discovered which was not known at the time of the proceedings before the Trial Chambers or the Appeals Chamber and which could have been a decisive factor in reaching the decision, the convicted person or the Prosecutor may submit to the International Tribunal an application for review of the judgement.
Article 27
Enforcement of sentences
Imprisonment shall be served in a State designated by the International Tribunal from a list of States which have indicated to the Security Council their willingness to accept convicted persons. Such imprisonment shall be in accordance with the applicable law of the State concerned, subject to the supervision of the International Tribunal.
Article 28
Pardon or commutation of sentences
If pursuant to the applicable law of the State in which the convicted person is imprisoned, he or she is eligible for pardon or commutation of sentence, the State concerned shall notify the International Tribunal accordingly. The President of the International Tribunal, in consultation with the judges, shall decide the matter on the basis of the interests of justice and the general principles of law.
Article 29
Cooperation and judicial assistance
1. States shall cooperate with the International Tribunal in the investigation and prosecution of persons accused of committing serious violations of international humanitarian law.
2. States shall comply without undue delay with any request for assistance or an order issued by a Trial Chamber, including, but not limited to:
(a) the identification and location of persons;
(b) the taking of testimony and the production of evidence;
(c) the service of documents;
(d) the arrest or detention of persons;
(e) the surrender or the transfer of the accused to the International Tribunal.
Article 30
The status, privileges and immunities of the International Tribunal
1. The Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations of 13 February 1946 shall apply to the International Tribunal, the judges, the Prosecutor and his staff, and the Registrar and his staff.
2. The judges, the Prosecutor and the Registrar shall enjoy the privileges and immunities, exemptions and facilities accorded to diplomatic envoys, in accordance with international law.
3. The staff of the Prosecutor and of the Registrar shall enjoy the privileges and immunities accorded to officials of the United Nations under Articles V and VII of the Convention referred to in paragraph 1 of this article.
4. Other persons, including the accused, required at the seat of the International Tribunal shall be accorded such treatment as is necessary for the proper functioning of the International Tribunal.
Article 31
Seat of the International Tribunal
The International Tribunal shall have its seat at The Hague.
Article 32
Expenses of the International Tribunal
The expenses of the International Tribunal shall be borne by the regular budget of the United Nations in accordance with Article 17 of the Charter of the United Nations.
Article 33
Working languages
The working languages of the International Tribunal shall be English and French.
Article 34
Annual report
The President of the International Tribunal shall submit an annual report of the International Tribunal to the Security Council and to the General Assembly.
FOURTH SCHEDULE
Statute of the Rwanda Tribunal
Having been established by the Security Council acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, the International Criminal Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Genocide and Other Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of Rwanda and Rwandan citizens responsible for genocide and other such violations committed in the territory of neighbouring States, between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 1994 (hereinafter referred to as “the International Tribunal for Rwanda”) shall function in accordance with the provisions of the present Statute.
Article 1
Competence of the International Tribunal for Rwanda
The International Tribunal for Rwanda shall have the power to prosecute persons responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in the territory of Rwanda and Rwandan citizens responsible for such violations committed in the territory of neighbouring States, between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 1994, in accordance with the provisions of the present Statute.
Article 2
Genocide
1. The International Tribunal for Rwanda shall have the power to prosecute persons committing genocide as defined in paragraph 2 of this article or of committing any of the other acts enumerated in paragraph 3 of this article.
2. Genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such:
(a) Killing members of the group;
(b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;
(c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part;
(d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;
(e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.
3. The following acts shall be punishable:
(a) Genocide;
(b) Conspiracy to commit genocide;
(c) Direct and public incitement to commit genocide;
(d) Attempt to commit genocide;
(e) Complicity in genocide.
Article 3
Crimes against humanity
The International Tribunal for Rwanda shall have the power to prosecute persons responsible for the following crimes when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack against any civilian population on national, political, ethnic, racial or religious grounds:
(a) Murder;
(b) Extermination;
(c) Enslavement;
(d) Deportation;
(e) Imprisonment;
(f) Torture;
(g) Rape;
(h) Persecutions on political, racial and religious grounds;
(i) Other inhumane acts.
Article 4
Violations of Article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and of Additional Protocol II
The International Tribunal for Rwanda shall have the power to prosecute persons committing or ordering to be committed serious violations of Article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 for the Protection of War Victims, and of Additional Protocol II thereto of 8 June 1977. These violations shall include, but shall not be limited to:
(a) Violence to life, health and physical or mental well-being of persons, in particular murder as well as cruel treatment such as torture, mutilation or any form of corporal punishment;
(b) Collective punishments;
(c) Taking of hostages;
(d) Acts of terrorism;
(e) Outrages upon personal dignity, in particular humiliating and degrading treatment, rape, enforced prostitution and any form of indecent assault;
(f) Pillage;
(g) The passing of sentences and the carrying out of executions without previous judgement pronounced by a regularly constituted court, affording all the judicial guarantees which are recognized as indispensable by civilized peoples;
(h) Threats to commit any of the foregoing acts.
Article 5
Personal jurisdiction
The International Tribunal for Rwanda shall have jurisdiction over natural persons pursuant to the provisions of the present Statute.
Article 6
Individual criminal responsibility
1. A person who planned, instigated, ordered, committed, or otherwise aided and abetted in the planning, preparation or execution of a crime referred to in articles 2 to 4 of the present Statute, shall be individually responsible for the crime.
2. The official position of any accused person, whether as Head of State or Government or as a responsible Government official, shall not relieve such person of criminal responsibility nor mitigate punishment.
3. The fact that any of the acts referred to in articles 2 to 4 of the present Statute was committed by a subordinate does not relieve his or her superior of criminal responsibility if he or she knew or had reason to know that the subordinate was about to commit such acts or had done so and the superior failed to take the necessary and reasonable measures to prevent such acts or to punish the perpetrators thereof.
4. The fact that an accused person acted pursuant to an order of a Government or of a superior shall not relieve him or her of criminal responsibility, but may be considered in mitigation of punishment if the International Tribunal for Rwanda determines that justice so requires.
Article 7
Territorial and temporal jurisdiction
The territorial jurisdiction of the International Tribunal for Rwanda shall extend to the territory of Rwanda including its land surface and airspace as well as to the territory of neighbouring States in respect of serious violations of international humanitarian law committed by Rwandan citizens. The temporal jurisdiction of the International Tribunal for Rwanda shall extend to a period beginning on 1 January 1994 and ending on 31 December 1994.
Article 8
Concurrent jurisdiction
1. The International Tribunal for Rwanda and national courts shall have concurrent jurisdiction to prosecute persons for serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in the territory of Rwanda and Rwandan citizens for such violations committed in the territory of neighbouring States, between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 1994.
2. The International Tribunal for Rwanda shall have primacy over the national courts of all States. At any stage of the procedure, the International Tribunal for Rwanda may formally request national courts to defer to its competence in accordance with the present Statute and the Rules of Procedure and Evidence of the International Tribunal for Rwanda.
Article 9
Non bis in idem
1. No person shall be tried before a national court for acts constituting serious violations of international humanitarian law under the present Statute, for which he or she has already been tried by the International Tribunal for Rwanda.
2. A person who has been tried by a national court for acts constituting serious violations of international humanitarian law may be subsequently tried by the International Tribunal for Rwanda only if:
(a) The act for which he or she was tried was characterized as an ordinary crime; or
(b) The national court proceedings were not impartial or independent, were designed to shield the accused from international criminal responsibility, or the case was not diligently prosecuted.
3. In considering the penalty to be imposed on a person convicted of a crime under the present Statute, the International Tribunal for Rwanda shall take into account the extent to which any penalty imposed by a national court on the same person for the same act has already been served.
Article 10
Organization of the International Tribunal for Rwanda
The International Tribunal for Rwanda shall consist of the following organs:
(a) The Chambers, comprising two Trial Chambers and an Appeals Chamber;
(b) The Prosecutor; and
(c) A Registry.
Article 11
Composition of the Chambers
The Chambers shall be composed of eleven independent judges, no two of whom may be nationals of the same State, who shall serve as follows:
(a) Three judges shall serve in each of the Trial Chambers;
(b) Five judges shall serve in the Appeals Chamber.
Article 12
Qualification and election of judges
1. The judges shall be persons of high moral character, impartiality and integrity who possess the qualifications required in their respective countries for appointment to the highest judicial offices. In the overall composition of the Chambers due account shall be taken of the experience of the judges in criminal law, international law, including international humanitarian law and human rights law.
2. The members of the Appeals Chamber of the International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991 (hereinafter referred to as “the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia”) shall also serve as the members of the Appeals Chamber of the International Tribunal for Rwanda.
3. The judges of the Trial Chambers of the International Tribunal for Rwanda shall be elected by the General Assembly from a list submitted by the Security Council, in the following manner:
(a) The Secretary-General shall invite nominations for judges of the Trial Chambers from States Members of the United Nations and non-member States maintaining permanent observer missions at United Nations Headquarters;
(b) Within thirty days of the date of the invitation of the Secretary-General, each State may nominate up to two candidates meeting the qualifications set out in paragraph 1 above, no two of whom shall be of the same nationality and neither of whom shall be of the same nationality as any judge on the Appeals Chamber;
(c) The Secretary-General shall forward the nominations received to the Security Council. From the nominations received the Security Council shall establish a list of not less than twelve and not more than eighteen candidates, taking due account of adequate representation on the International Tribunal for Rwanda of the principal legal systems of the world;
(d) The President of the Security Council shall transmit the list of candidates to the President of the General Assembly. From that list the General Assembly shall elect the six judges of the Trial Chambers. The candidates who receive an absolute majority of the votes of the States Members of the United Nations and of the non-Member States maintaining permanent observer missions at United Nations Headquarters, shall be declared elected. Should two candidates of the same nationality obtain the required majority vote, the one who received the higher number of votes shall be considered elected.
4. In the event of a vacancy in the Trial Chambers, after consultation with the Presidents of the Security Council and of the General Assembly, the Secretary-General shall appoint a person meeting the qualifications of paragraph 1 above, for the remainder of the term of office concerned.
5. The judges of the Trial Chambers shall be elected for a term of four years. The terms and conditions of service shall be those of the judges of the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. They shall be eligible for re-election.
Article 13
Officers and members of the Chambers
1. The judges of the International Tribunal for Rwanda shall elect a President.
2. After consultation with the judges of the International Tribunal for Rwanda, the President shall assign the judges to the Trial Chambers. A judge shall serve only in the Chamber to which he or she was assigned.
3. The judges of each Trial Chamber shall elect a Presiding Judge, who shall conduct all of the proceedings of that Trial Chamber as a whole.
Article 14
Rules of procedure and evidence
The judges of the International Tribunal for Rwanda shall adopt, for the purpose of proceedings before the International Tribunal for Rwanda, the rules of procedure and evidence for the conduct of the pre-trial phase of the proceedings, trials and appeals, the admission of evidence, the protection of victims and witnesses and other appropriate matters of the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia with such changes as they deem necessary.
Article 15
The Prosecutor
1. The Prosecutor shall be responsible for the investigation and prosecution of persons responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in the territory of Rwanda and Rwandan citizens responsible for such violations committed in the territory of neighbouring States, between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 1994.
2. The Prosecutor shall act independently as a separate organ of the International Tribunal for Rwanda. He or she shall not seek or receive instructions from any Government or from any other source.
3. The Prosecutor of the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia shall also serve as the Prosecutor of the International Tribunal for Rwanda. He or she shall have additional staff, including an additional Deputy Prosecutor, to assist with prosecutions before the International Tribunal for Rwanda. Such staff shall be appointed by the Secretary-General on the recommendation of the Prosecutor.
Article 16
The Registry
1. The Registry shall be responsible for the administration and servicing of the International Tribunal for Rwanda.
2. The Registry shall consist of a Registrar and such other staff as may be required.
3. The Registrar shall be appointed by the Secretary-General after consultation with the President of the International Tribunal for Rwanda. He or she shall serve for a four- year term and be eligible for reappointment. The terms and conditions of service of the Registrar shall be those of an Assistant Secretary-General of the United Nations.
4. The staff of the Registry shall be appointed by the Secretary-General on the recommendation of the Registrar.
Article 17
Investigation and preparation of indictment
1. The Prosecutor shall initiate investigations ex-officio or on the basis of information obtained from any source, particularly from Governments, United Nations organs, intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations. The Prosecutor shall assess the information received or obtained and decide whether there is sufficient basis to proceed.
2. The Prosecutor shall have the power to question suspects, victims and witnesses, to collect evidence and to conduct on-site investigations. In carrying out these tasks, the Prosecutor may, as appropriate, seek the assistance of the State authorities concerned.
3. If questioned, the suspect shall be entitled to be assisted by counsel of his or her own choice, including the right to have legal assistance assigned to the suspect without payment by him or her in any such case if he or she does not have sufficient means to pay for it, as well as to necessary translation into and from a language he or she speaks and understands.
4. Upon a determination that a prima facie case exists, the Prosecutor shall prepare an indictment containing a concise statement of the facts and the crime or crimes with which the accused is charged under the Statute. The indictment shall be transmitted to a judge of the Trial Chamber.
Article 18
Review of the indictment
1. The judge of the Trial Chamber to whom the indictment has been transmitted shall review it. If satisfied that a prima facie case has been established by the Prosecutor, he or she shall confirm the indictment. If not so satisfied, the indictment shall be dismissed.
2. Upon confirmation of an indictment, the judge may, at the request of the Prosecutor, issue such orders and warrants for the arrest, detention, surrender or transfer of persons, and any other orders as may be required for the conduct of the trial.
Article 19
Commencement and conduct of trial proceedings
1. The Trial Chambers shall ensure that a trial is fair and expeditious and that proceedings are conducted in accordance with the rules of procedure and evidence, with full respect for the rights of the accused and due regard for the protection of victims and witnesses.
2. A person against whom an indictment has been confirmed shall, pursuant to an order or an arrest warrant of the International Tribunal for Rwanda, be taken into custody, immediately informed of the charges against him or her and transferred to the International Tribunal for Rwanda.
3. The Trial Chamber shall read the indictment, satisfy itself that the rights of the accused are respected, confirm that the accused understands the indictment, and instruct the accused to enter a plea. The Trial Chamber shall then set the date for trial.
4. The hearings shall be public unless the Trial Chamber decides to close the proceedings in accordance with its rules of procedure and evidence.
Article 20
Rights of the accused
1. All persons shall be equal before the International Tribunal for Rwanda.
2. In the determination of charges against him or her, the accused shall be entitled to a fair and public hearing, subject to article 21 of the Statute.
3. The accused shall be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to the provisions of the present Statute.
4. In the determination of any charge against the accused pursuant to the present Statute, the accused shall be entitled to the following minimum guarantees, in full equality:
(a) To be informed promptly and in detail in a language which he or she understands of the nature and cause of the charge against him or her;
(b) To have adequate time and facilities for the preparation of his or her defence and to communicate with counsel of his or her own choosing;
(c) To be tried without undue delay;
(d) To be tried in his or her presence, and to defend himself or herself in person or through legal assistance of his or her own choosing; to be informed, if he or she does not have legal assistance, of this right; and to have legal assistance assigned to him or her, in any case where the interests of justice so require, and without payment by him or her in any such case if he or she does not have sufficient means to pay for it;
(e) To examine, or have examined, the witnesses against him or her and to obtain the attendance and examination of witnesses on his or her behalf under the same conditions as witnesses against him or her;
(f) To have the free assistance of an interpreter if he or she cannot understand or speak the language used in the International Tribunal for Rwanda;
(g) Not to be compelled to testify against himself or herself or to confess guilt.
Article 21
Protection of victims and witnesses
The International Tribunal for Rwanda shall provide in its rules of procedure and evidence for the protection of victims and witnesses. Such protection measures shall include, but shall not be limited to, the conduct of in camera proceedings and the protection of the victim's identity.
Article 22
Judgement
1. The Trial Chambers shall pronounce judgements and impose sentences and penalties on persons convicted of serious violations of international humanitarian law.
2. The judgement shall be rendered by a majority of the judges of the Trial Chamber, and shall be delivered by the Trial Chamber in public. It shall be accompanied by a reasoned opinion in writing, to which separate or dissenting opinions may be appended.
Article 23
Penalties
1. The penalty imposed by the Trial Chambers shall be limited to imprisonment. In determining the terms of imprisonment, the Trial Chambers shall have recourse to the general practice regarding prison sentences in the courts of Rwanda.
2. In imposing the sentences, the Trial Chambers should take into account such factors as the gravity of the offence and the individual circumstances of the convicted person.
3. In addition to imprisonment, the Trial Chambers may order the return of any property and proceeds acquired by criminal conduct, including by means of duress, to their rightful owners.
Article 24
Appellate proceedings
1. The Appeals Chamber shall hear appeals from persons convicted by the Trail Chambers or from the Prosecutor on the following grounds:
(a) An error on a question of law invalidating the decision; or
(b) An error of fact which has occasioned a miscarriage of justice.
2. The Appeals Chamber may affirm, reverse or revise the decisions taken by the Trial Chambers.
Article 25
Review proceedings
Where a new fact has been discovered which was not known at the time of the proceedings before the Trial Chambers or the Appeals Chamber and which could have been a decisive factor in reaching the decision, the convicted person or the Prosecutor may submit to the International Tribunal for Rwanda an application for review of the judgement.
Article 26
Enforcement of sentences
Imprisonment shall be served in Rwanda or any of the States on a list of States which have indicated to the Security Council their willingness to accept convicted persons, as designated by the International Tribunal for Rwanda. Such imprisonment shall be in accordance with the applicable law of the State concerned, subject to the supervision of the International Tribunal for Rwanda.
Article 27
Pardon or commutation of sentences
If, pursuant to the applicable law of the State in which the convicted person is imprisoned, he or she is eligible for pardon or commutation of sentence, the State concerned shall notify the International Tribunal for Rwanda accordingly. There shall only be pardon or commutation of sentence if the President of the International Tribunal for Rwanda, in consultation with the judges, so decides on the basis of the interests of justice and the general principles of law.
Article 28
Cooperation and judicial assistance
1. States shall cooperate with the International Tribunal for Rwanda in the investigation and prosecution of persons accused of committing serious violations of international humanitarian law.
2. States shall comply without undue delay with any request for assistance or an order issued by a Trial Chamber, including, but not limited to:
(a) The identification and location of persons;
(b) The taking of testimony and the production of evidence;
(c) The service of documents;
(d) The arrest or detention of persons;
(e) The surrender or the transfer of the accused to the International Tribunal for Rwanda.
Article 29
The status, privileges and immunities of the International Tribunal for Rwanda
1. The Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations of 13 February 1946 shall apply to the International Tribunal for Rwanda, the judges, the Prosecutor and his or her staff, and the Registrar and his or her staff.
2. The judges, the Prosecutor and the Registrar shall enjoy the privileges and immunities, exemptions and facilities accorded to diplomatic envoys, in accordance with international law.
3. The staff of the Prosecutor and of the Registrar shall enjoy the privileges and immunities accorded to officials of the United Nations under articles V and VII of the Convention referred to in paragraph 1 of this article.
4. Other persons, including the accused, required at the seat or meeting place of the International Tribunal for Rwanda shall be accorded such treatment as is necessary for the proper functioning of the International Tribunal for Rwanda.
Article 30
Expenses of the International Tribunal for Rwanda
The expenses of the International Tribunal for Rwanda shall be expenses of the Organization in accordance with Article 17 of the Charter of the United Nations.
Article 31
Working languages
The working languages of the International Tribunal shall be English and French.
Article 32
Annual report
The President of the International Tribunal for Rwanda shall submit an annual report of the International Tribunal for Rwanda to the Security Council and to the General Assembly.